年产10万吨电解铜的铜电解车间设计

年产10万吨电解铜的铜电解车间设计专业：冶金工程学生：李宁宁指导教师：党晓娥设计总说明铜的电解精炼是以火法精炼产出的精铜为阳极，以电解产出的薄铜（始极片）作阴极，以硫酸铜和硫酸的水溶液作电解液，在直流电的作用下，阳极铜进行电化学溶解，纯铜在阴极中沉积，杂质则进入阳极泥和电解液中，从而实现了铜与杂质的分离。本设计主要对铜电解过程中的物料平衡、热平衡进行计算，对主要设备及辅助设备进行计算与选择，确定了铜电解过程中的主要技术经济指标，并对电解液的净化做了详细说明。关键词：铜电解，物料平衡，热平衡，净化CopperplantDesignofAnnualoutput150,000tonsAluminumSpecialty：MetallurgicalengineeringName：LiNingNingTutor：DangXiaoeDesignDescriptionRefiningtheprecisecopperproducedelectrolyticallyandconciselyasthepositivepolewithfirelawofcopper,takecoppersulficacidandaqueoussolutionofthesulfuricacidastheelectrolyticliquidverymuchwiththeelectrolyticthincopperbeginningthatproduces.Underthefunctionofthedirectcurrent,positivepolecoppercarriesonelectrochemistrytodissolve,purecopperisdepositedinthenegativepole,theimpurityisenteredinpositivepolemudandelectrolyticliquid,thusrealizedtheseparationofthecopperandimpurity,haveconfirmedthemaintechnicalandeconomicindexintheelectrolyticcourseofcopper.Haveoriginallydesignedandalsocarriedonsuppliesequilibrating,calculationandchoiceofthethermalbalance,horizontalweighingapparatus,capitalequipmentandauxiliaryequipment.themaintechnicalandeconomicindicatorschoice，AndtheelectrolytepurificationmadedetailedinstructionsKEYWORDS:electrolyticcopper,Equilibrate,purific第I页目录1前言.....................................................11.1铜的性质............................................11.1.1铜的物理性质..................................11.1.2铜的化学性质..................................31.1.3铜的主要化合物的性质..........................31.2铜的用途............................................41.3铜资源状况..........................................51.3.1世界铜资源....................................51.3.2中国资源......................................71.4中国铜的生产状况和消费..............................81.4.1中国铜的生产状况..............................81.4.2铜的消费......................................91.5.1铜的湿法冶金.................................101.5.1铜的火法冶金.................................111.6铜的新技术.........................................121.6.1一种采用溶剂萃取净化铜电解液的方法本.........121.6.2分散强化型电解铜箔及其制造方法...............121.6.3硫化矿细菌浸出...............................121.7设计的内容.........................................131.7.1冶金计算.....................................13第II页1.7.2重要设备及辅助设备计算.......................131.7.3制图内容和要求...............................132厂址选择................................................143.1铜电解精炼流程简述.................................163.2铜电解精炼的理论基础...............................183.2.1阳极过程.....................................183.2.2阴极过程.....................................183.2.3阳极上杂质...................................193.3电解液的净化.......................................204铜电解精炼的主要设备选择................................215铜电解技术指标..........................................245.1铜电解的条件.......................................245.1.1电解液组成...................................245.1.2添加剂.......................................245.1.3电解液温度...................................255.1.4电解液循环...................................255.1.5电流密度.....................................255.1.6同极中心距...................................265.2阳极寿命和阴极周期.................................266主要经济技术指标........................................276.1电流效率...........................................27第III页6.2残极率.............................................276.3铜电解回收率.......................................276.4槽电压.............................................276.5直流电能电位消耗...................................286.6硫酸单位消耗.......................................286.7蒸汽单位消耗.......................................287电解精炼冶金计算........................................297.1电解槽设计计算.....................................297.1.1商品电解槽总数...............................297.1.2电解槽的极板数...............................297.1.3每槽阳极片数.................................307.1.5种板电解槽数.................................307.2物料平衡计算.......................................317.3铜电解精炼热平衡计算...............................347.3.1热收入.......................................357.3.2热支出.......................................355.4净液量的计算.......................................377.5硫酸盐生产物料平衡计算.............................387.5.1计算铜料加入量...............................385.5.2计算硫酸铜产品产量..........................395.5.3一次母液体积.................................39第IV页5.6脱铜电解物料平衡计算...............................407.7粗硫酸镍生产计算...................................408铜电解精炼的主要生产设备的选用..........................428.1整流器及导电铜材料的计算...........................428.1.1直流电源.....................................428.1.2槽边导电排...................................448.1.3槽间导电板...................................458.1.4短路棒.......................................468.2电解液循环系统设备及管道计算.......................468.2.1集液槽.......................................468.2.2电解液循环泵.................................468.2.3高位槽.......................................478.2.4加热器.......................................478.2.5供液管.......................................488.2.6电解液循环管.................................488.2.7阳极片剥机...................................498.3车间运输设备计算及选择..........................