4种浮床栽培植物生长特性及吸收氮磷能力的比较罗固源

29220092　　　　　　ActaScientiaeCircumstantiaeVol.29,No.2Feb.,2009:(No.2007DFA90660);(No.CSTC,2006AB7020;CSTC,2006AA7003)SupportedbytheInternationalCooperativeProjectofScienceandTechnologyDepartment(No.2007DFA90660)andtheScienceandTechnologyKeyProgramofChongqing(No.CSTC,2006AB7020;CSTC,2006AA7003):(1944—),,,E-mail:[e-mail];＊()Biography:LUOGuyuan(1944—),male,professor,E-mail:[e-mail];＊Correspondingauthor,,,.2009.4[J].,29(2):285-290LuoGY,ZhengJF,XuXY,etal.2009.Comparisonofthegrowthcharacteristicsandnutrientuptakeoffourkindsofplantscultivatedonafloating-bed[J].ActaScientiaeCircumstantiae,29(2):285-2904罗固源1,＊,郑剑锋1,许晓毅1,曹佳2,舒为群21.重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆4000452.第三军医大学军事预防医学院,重庆400038:2008-03-16　　　:2008-06-12　　　:2008-12-10:、、4,.,490%,60～100d.4,4;,3;、.40%,55%.4,,.:;;;:0253-2468(2009)02-285-06　　　:X171.4　　　:AComparisonofthegrowthcharacteristicsandnutrientuptakeoffourkindsofplantscultivatedonafloating-bedLUOGuyuan1,＊,ZHENGJianfeng1,XUXiaoyi1,CAOJia2,SHUWeiqun21.KeyLaboratoryoftheThreeGorgesReservoirRegion′sEco-Environment,MinistryofEducation,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing4000452.FacultyofMilitaryPreventiveMedicine,ThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400038Received16March2008;　　　receivedinrevisedform12June2008;　　　accepted10December2008Abstract:TakingCannaindica,Cyperusalternifolius,AcoruscalamusLinnandVetiveriazizanioiaesasresearchsubjects,thecharacteristicsandnutrientuptakeabilitiesofthesefourfamiliarplantscultivatedonafloating-bedwerecompared.Thesurvivalratesofthefourplantsweremorethan90%.Therapidgrowthperiodwasfromsixtydaystoonehundreddaysafterplanting.Afterfourmonths,theabove-waterbiomassofthefourkindsofplantswasgreaterthantheunderwaterbiomass.ExceptforVetiverzizanioides,thedistributionsofnitrogenandphosphorusintheplantscouldbesummarizedasfollows:leavesrootsstems.Thetotalquantitiesofnitrogenandphosphorusintheplantswereinthefollowingorder:CannaindicaCyperusalternifoliusAcoruscalamusLinnVetiveriazizanioiaes.Nitrogenuptakebytheplantsaccountedforlessthan40%ofthefloating-bedsystemnitrogenremoval,andthephosphorusuptakewasmorethan55%.Cannaindicahasthestrongestuptakeabilityfornitrogenandphosphorus.ACannaindicafloating-bedcouldthereforebeusedtocontrolpollutionintheThreeGorgesreservoirregion.Keywords:floating-bed;plants;growthcharacteristic;nutrientuptakeability1　(Introduction)(,2005),、、(,1998;,2005),.,,(1998),、,58.7%、49.1%;(2000)、、DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2009.02.019　　　　　　　　　　29,、1125～1325kg·hm-2·a-1,450～600kg·hm-2·a-1.2002,,(,2004).,,.,(,2004),.4,,4、、,,.2　(Materialsandmethods)2.1　研究地点概况,29°03′41″N,105°56′15″E,,18℃,-2.9℃,43.8℃,1045mm,5～9,3～10.,、、.1,《》(GB3838-2002),Ⅴ.1　Table1　QualityoftestedwaterCOD/(mg·L-1)NH+4-N/(mg·L-1)TN/(mg·L-1)TP/(mg·L-1)DO/(mg·L-1)pH8.9～17.22.6～6.74.0～10.20.5～1.20.7～3.66～82.2　供试植物(Cannaindica)、(AcoruscalamusLinn)、(Cyperousalternifoliu)(Vetiveriazizanioiaes)4,4、,.,、,、、,,22～25℃,5～10℃;、,,,20～25℃,10℃,;、,,,,19～25℃,5℃;、,、,-10～50℃,,.2.2　Table2　Physiologicalindexesoftestedplants/cm/(g·-1)/(mg·g-1)/(mg·g-1)268.117.34-14.473.78-3.82279.723.18-18.424.13-3.89289.420.2116.2217.493.833.673.412811.226.3413.7215.384.524.154.342.3　试验系统的构建及运行,,8270cm×230cm×100cm(1).4、、,3m2,45%;1、;3、.100cm×100cm×5cm,,2862:418cm,36,,.,、,.1　Fig.1　Schematicdiagramofthetestbeds2.4　试验方法200735.,,;、、3,.20077,,,.,、、、.:,、,,60℃,(),.,0.25mm(,1999),、.、:-(,2000;,2002),(,2000),(,2002),DR4000UV.、COD、、HACH-2800;pHHACH-sensiON1;HACH-LDO(HQ10);.3d,9:00～11:00.,(1).F=(N-N)×Q×TA(1),F(g·m-2);N、(g·m-3);Q、(m3·d-1);T(d);A(m2).(2).G=LF×100%(2),G;L(g·m-2).3　(Results)3.1　植物的生长状况42.1,:98.2%,93.5%,95.3%,94.4%.2,,;4,,56,,;7,.,,7260cm,,.2　Fig.2　Thelengthsofthetestedplants4,,、、6.90、6.19、9.269.96.,3.4※※,.,,3、4287　　　　　　　　　　29,15.8℃,.40d,,90d,4,4,.3,60～100d4.3　Fig.3　Comparisonofthetestedplantsgrowthrates3.2　植物生物量比较、3,,,.4,41710～3406g·m-2,.3　Table3　Biomassincreasesofthetestedplants/(g·m-2)1283-42717101414-461187432418665542744895186564634064,81.0%;,79.8%、75.4%;,75.1%.,,,475%,4.4,5(n=5),,.4,4(p≤0.05),4.,,,.4　、Fig.4　Relationshipbetweenabove-waterandunder-waterbiomassofthetestedplants3.3　植物体内的氮磷分布与积累4,411.93～24.56mg·g-1,3.56～4.16mg·g-1;,,,;.412.31～17.34mg·g-1,3.29～4.03mg·g-1,.4,、;;,.4　Table4　Nitrogenandphosphoruscontentsintestedplants/(mg·g-1)/(mg·g-1)11.93-12.313.56-3.2920.11-14.73.83-3.4119.6212.7417.343.713.343.5824.568.2816.734.163.204.032882:4、5.4、21.43～48.23g·m-25.92～12.29g·m-2,,,.4,.,4、3,4,.5　Table5　Nitrogenandphosphorusuptakebytestedplants/(g·m-2)/(g·m-2)14.97-5.2521.434.57-1.365.9228.43-6.7735.205.42-1.576.996.3523.789.6139.731.206.231.989.4221.9915.4410.8048.233.725.972.6012.293.4　植物氮磷累积量与系统去除量的关系132d,、1.62m3·d-1;、、29.1%、32.6%、35.5%42.3%,32.1%、36.7%、44.8%47.1%,、4mg·L-1、0.4mg·L-1.(1)、、、,(2)、,6.6　Table6　Contributionofnitrogenandphosphorusuptakebyplantsinfloating-bedsystem/(g·m-2)/(g·m-2)85.417.5%6.2%23.7%10.642.9%12.7%55.6%99.228.7%6.8%35.5%12.145.1%13.1%58.2%106.428.3%9.0%37.3%14.850.4%13.4%63.8%124.930.0%8.7%38.7%15.462.8%16.8%79.6%　　6,4,,,.6,423.7%～38.7%,55.6%～79.6%,、.,,、,、.4　(Conclusions)1)490%,.4※※,60～100d.2)4,4,.,.,、.4,、,,.:罗固源