21富营养化浅水湖泊稳态转换理论与生态恢复探讨年跃刚

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1.,100012;2.,102205):,,,1,,.:;;;;;;:X524:A:1001-6929(2006)01-0067-04RegimeShiftTheoryandEcologicalRestorationDiscussioninEutrophicShallowLakesNIANYue2gang1,SONGYing2wei2,LIYing2jie1,SUNYan2ni1,NIEZhi2dan1(1.ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China;2.InstituteofChemicalDefenseandCommandEngineering,PLA,Beijing102205,China)Abstract:Regimeshifttheoryofshallowlakeswaspresentedaboutseveralaspectsofshiftprocess,stablethresholdandstableresiliencebetweenstablestateofclearwaterandturbidwater.Influencefactorsforresilienceandregimeshiftpowerweresummarizedinstablestateofclearwaterandturbidwater.Thesuccessionofaquaticplantscommunityandregimeshiftprocessbylakeeutrophicationwereanalyzed.AccordingtoregimeshifttheoryandecologicalrestorationpracticesinWulihubayoflakeTaihu,itwasbroughtforwardthatregimeshiftpowerofecologicalrestorationistoimprovehabitatcondition.Finally,theimprovinghabitatmeasureswasexpatiatedonreducingnutrientconcentration,enhancingwaterclarity,cleanupofsomefish,reformingbottomenvironment,controllingwaterlevel,anddecreasingwavebyenclosure,etc.Keywords:shallowlake;eutrophication;stablestateofclearwater;stablestateofturbidwater;regimeshift;submergedaquaticplants;ecologicalrestoration:2005-08-18:(2002AA601013):(1963-),,,,.,,1km22848,45%[1].,,.,,,.,,,,,.,,,.,.1111.,,,.191ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol.19,No.1,2006©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[2],1[36].1,,,,,,.,,,,,.2,2.1Fig.1Shiftrelationshipofstablestateofclearwaterandturbidwater113,.2,,,,,..2,ab,,,B,a,.,,ab,A,C.2,2Fig.2Stableresilienceandstablethresholdofregimeshift.3.:,,,,,,,.:,,,,,,,.3Fig.3Influencefactorsofresilienceinstablestateofclearwaterandturbidwater3311,,,8619©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,.,,,.,,.,,,,1.,,,,,,,.,,,.,,,.,2,.Apopka,,70%,,19479,,1,.,[7].312,,,.:,,,;,;,;,;,,;,,.4,[8],2:.,,,,.1:,1980;2:,,;3:-,,;4:--,,[9]..,,,,,,.,,,.,,,,,,.,,,4.4Fig.4Shiftprocessofstablestatefromclearwatertoturbidwater5961:©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[10],[11],[1213].,,.,6,.,.a..,,,,.b..,..;.c..:;.d..,,.e..,,,.f..,,.:[1].()[M].:,1995.12.JinXiangcan.Chineselakeenvironment(firstvolume)[M].Beijing:OceanPress,1995.12.[2]SchefferM.Multiplicityofstablestatesinfreshwatersystems[J].Hydrobiologia,1990,200P201:475487.[3]SchefferM,vanNesEH.Mechanismsformarineregimeshifts:canweuselakesasmicrocosmsforoceans?[J].ProgressinOceanography,2004,60:303319.[4]SchefferM,CarpenterSR.Catastrophicregimeshiftsinecosystems:linkingtheorytoobservation[J].TrendsinEcologyandEvolution,2003,18(12):648656.[5]SchefferM,CarpenterSR,FoleyJA.Catastrophicshiftsinecosystems[J].Nat,2001,413(11):591596.[6]SchefferM.Ecologyofshallowlakes[M].Netherlands:KluwerAcademicPublishers,2004.289306.[7].Apopka[J].,2005,17(1):18.GuBinhe.EutrophicationandrestorationoflakeApopka,USA[J].JournalofLakeSciences,2005,17(1):18.[8]SchefferM,HosperSH,MeijerML,etal.Alternativeequilibriainshallowlakes[J].TrendsinEcologyandEvolution,1993,8:275279.[9],.[J].,1997,9(1):8288.QiuDongru,WuZhenbin.Onthedeclineandrestorationofsubmergedvegetationintheeutrophicshallowlakes[J].JournalofLakeSciences,1997,9(1):8288.[10]vanNesEH,SchefferM,vandenBergMS,etal.Aquaticmacrophytes:restore,eradicateoristhereacompromise?[J].AquaticBotany,2002,72:387403.[11]vanNesEH,SchefferM,vandenBergMS,etal.Aspatialexplicitsimulationmodelofsubmergedmacrophytes[J].EcologicalModelling,2003,159:103116.[12]CarpenterSR,LodgeD.Effectsofsubmersedmacrophytesonecosystemprocesses[J].AquaticBotany,1986,23:341370.[13]JeppesenE,JensenJP,KristensenP,etal.Fishmanipulationasalakerestorationtoolinshallow,eutrophic,temperatelakes2:thresholdlevels,long2termstabilityandconclusions[J].Hydrobiologia,1990,200P201:219227.(:)0719