MembranesforIndustrialWastewaterRecoveryandR

MembranesforIndustrialMembranesforIndustrialWastewaterRecoveryandRe-useToClaire,OliverandSamuelMembranesforIndustrialWastewaterRecoveryandRe-useEditedby:SimonJuddandBruceJeffersonELSE1-1i5RUKUSAJAPANElsevierScienceLtd,TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX5lGB,UKElsevierScienceInc,360ParkAvenueSouth,NewYork,NYElsevierJapan,TsunashimaBuildingAnnex,3-20-12Yushima,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo113,Japan10010-1710,USACopyright02003ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans:electronic,electrostatic,magnetictape,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataMembranesforindustrialwastewaterrecoveryandre-use1.Waterreuse2.Membranes(Technology)3.Water-Purification-ReverseosmosisprocessI.Judd,Simon628.1'674ISBN1856173895LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataJudd,Simon11.Jefferson,BruceMembranesforindustrialwastewaterrecoveryandre-use/SimonJuddandBruceJefferson.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.1.Sewage-Purification.2.Factoryandtradewaste-Purification.3.Membranes(Technology)4.Waterreuse.I.Jefferson,Bruce.11.Title.p.cm.ISBN1-85617-389-5TD754.J832003628.3'5241~212003040757NoresponsibilityisassumedbythePublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.PublishedbyElsevierAdvancedTechnology,TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,KidlingtonOxfordOX5lGB,UKTel.:[phone]Fax:[phone]TypesetbyVariorumPublishingLtd,LancasterandRugbyPrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyBiddlesLtd,GuildfordandKing'sLynnContentsPrefaceContributorsChapter1Introduction1.11.2Industrialwater1.3Membranetechnology1.IWaterreusemotivationsandbarriersChapter2Membranetechnology2.12.22.32.4Themembrane2.I.12.I.2Membranestructure2.I.32.1.4MembraneconfigurationsTheprocessfundamentals2.2.1Processperformancedefinitions2.2.2Thedrivingforce2.2.32.2.4CriticalfluxThetheory2.3.1Membranemasstransfercontrol2.3.2Processdesignandoperation2.4.1Staging2.4.2Specificenergydemand2.4.3Foulingandpretreatment2.4.4BackwashingandcleaningReferencesMembraneandmembraneprocessdefinitionMembranematerialsandtheirmanufactureFactorsopposingthedrivingforceFouling/cakelayermasstransfercontrolixxiii24714141417233232343439404143525255596670viMembranesforIndustrialWastewutrrRecoveryandRe-useChapter3Industrialwaters3.13.23.33.43.5Thepowerindustry:waterrequirementsforpowergenerationandcoolingwater3.1.1Waterdemandbythepowerindustry3.1.2Overviewofcoolingwatersystems3.1.3Overviewofboilerfeedwatersystems3.1.4Sourcesofwaterusedfor3.1.5Waterqualitycomparisons3.1.6Optimisationofwateruseinrecirculatingcoolingsystems3.1.7Coolingtowerwaterqualityissues3.1.8Governinglegislationandguidelines3.1.9Volumesandqualityofaqueousprocesswastestreams3.1.10CurrentreusepracticesandopportunitiesReferencesThepulpandpaperindustry3.2.1Introduction3.2.23.2.3Effluentvolumesandquality3.2.43.2.53.2.6ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesThetextileindustry3.3.1Categoriesoftextileprocessingoperations3.3.2Effluentsfromtextileprocessingunitoperations3.3.3Processwaterqualityrequirements3.3.4Legislation3.3.5Conventionaltreatment3.3.6Demandmanagement3.3.7ReusepracticeandopportunitiesReferencesThebeverageindustry3.4.1Pointofuserecyclingopportunities3.4.2EndofpiperecoveryopportunitiesReferencesPurewatersinthepharmaceuticalindustry3.5.1Background3.5.2Waterqualitystandards3.5.33.5.4ReuseopportunitiesPulpingandpapermanufacturingprocessesCurrentwaterandeffluentpurificationsystemsandgoverninglegislationMembranesinthepulpandpaperindustryVolumesandqualityofaqueousprocessandwastestreams7676778080818588939495100102102104106113115125125125132132133143144146148149154159159160163163163164167169ContentsviiChapter4Systemdesignaids4.1Computer-aideddesignforreverseosmosisplant4.1.1Introduction4.1.24.1.3ROdesignsoftware4.1.4Costcalculation4.1.5OverviewReferences4.2.1Introduction4.2.2Waterpinch:thehistory4.2.3Methodology4.2.4Computedsolutions4.2.5Softwaretoolscurrentlyavailable4.2.64.2.7ConclusionReferences4.3Designexamples4.3.14.3.24.3.34.3.44.3.5Keyelementsofthereverseosmosisprocess4.2WaterpinchanalysisCasestudy:waterpinchandimplementationofregenerationtechniquesProbleminreverseosmosis:filmtheoryandenergydemandProbleminreverseosmosis:arraydesignProbleminreverseosmosis:CADarraydesignProbleminelectrodialysis:energydemandProbleminsubmergedmembranefiltrationdesignChapter5Casestudies5.15.25.35.4FlagFenhigh-puritywaterproductionplant(UK)5.1.1Background5.1.2Descriptionofplant5.1.3PerformanceEraringPowerStation:purificationofsecondarysewageforboilerfeedwater(Australia)5.2.1Background5.2.2Descriptionofplant5.2.3PerformanceDoswellcombinedcyclepowerplant:zeroliquiddischarge(USA)5.3.1Background5.3.2Descriptionofsystem5.3.3PerformanceVHPUgchelen:papermillwaterrecycling(Netherlands)5.4.1Background172172172176182183186186186187187191197201209209213213