安新县白洋淀湿地生态系统服务功能评价

安新县白洋淀湿地生态系统服务功能评价张素珍1,王金斗2,李贵宝3(1.石家庄学院资源与环境系,河北石家庄050035;2.石家庄职业技术学院,河北石家庄050800;3.中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038)[]湿地;生态系统;服务功能;价值估算;白洋淀;安新县[]以河北安新县白洋淀湿地为研究对象,对该湿地生态系统服务功能进行了价值估算,结果表明,涵养水源缓洪滞沥水分调节是湿地最重要的功能,其价值最大在开发和利用白洋淀湿地的过程中一定要慎重,要对白洋淀湿地进行合理规划,否则将会影响白洋淀湿地生态服务功能的发挥[]X820.1[]A[]1000-0941(2006)07-0012-04[1],[2],,[3],,,11.1市场价值法[4],,,,,[5],:V=!Si∀Yi∀Pi:V;Sii;Yii;Pii1.2旅行费用法[6],1.3费用支出法[](50179040,50379057)1.4碳税法,CO2150/t,170/t,,CO2,CO2CO2[7],[8]1.5替代费用法,,,[5]1.6影子工程法,,,()1.7权变估值法,,(),(WAP),[9]2,38#43∃~39#02∃115#38∃~116#07∃,,,∀12∀SWCC20067,,,39.5km,28.5km,366km2(10.5m),93%,8.8m(),85.6%,,;;2.1资源功能2.1.1粮食生产,2002206hm2,1148t,(3/kg),344.42.1.2渔业生产,24000hm2(8.8m),,542002,31573t,23319.2:21877t,8/kg;9696t,6/kg2.1.3芦苇生产,7333hm2,6000~7500kg/hm2,7500kg/hm2,54997.5t40%,40%,20%12kg,,80~90;5kg,20;0.3/kg,200324712.22.1.4水源供给,,3km2(P=50%),20843.2m3,0.5/m3,10421.62.2生态环境功能2.2.1调节大气组分,7333hm2,,:6CO2(264g)+6H2O(108g)%C6H12O6(180g)+6O2(192g)%(162g),162g264gCO2,1g1.63gCO2,CO289645.93t,CO2250/t150/t[10](770/t),CO26902.7/2.2.2涵养水源,缓洪滞沥,,,3km2,,,,,,,5m3,,1963,73.9m3,37.97m3,8.23m3,[11],,,1988~19910.67/m3(1990),5m3&0.67/m3=3.35196337.97m3&0.67/m3=25.442.2.3滞留沉积物净化水质,,,,,,,:,[12],TP92.6%TN43.5%COD54.1%,TP86.0%TN413%COD29.8%[13]N159%P0.75mg/g[14],874.5t41.2t,,,,22t,()5000t/d,1600~3300/t2450/t,2012.12.2.4生物栖息地,,,∀13∀:,,54,1646192,3,26Costanza[15],304/hm2(2514.1/hm2),6033.82.2.5维持生态系统的完整性和自然过程,,,,,,200210,,,2004,,4m3,,1.59m3,,7.3m1.07m3,(2.5/m3):1.07m3&2.5/m3=2.6752.3人文功能2.3.1教学科研价值,,2080,,,,382/hm2,Costanza861/hm2,3751.2/hm2[15],9002.92.3.2生态旅游价值,,;,,,(50km40km30km),,,,2000~2004518930.93,;;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[][1]DailyG.Nature∋sService:SocietalDependenceonNaturalEcosystems[M].WashingtonDC:IslandPress,1997.[2],,.[J].,1999,10(5):635~640.[3].[M].:,2002:67~87.[4],,.[J].,2003,23(6):680~685.[5],.[J].,2001,23(3):55~61.[6],,.[M].:,1999:254~268.[7],,,.[J].,2000,20(6):545~551.[8],,.[J].,1999,19(5):608~613.[9],,.[J].,1999,10(5):635~640.[10],.[J].,2002,22(8):1345~1349.∀14∀SWCC20067湘潭锰矿废弃地土壤特性与植物生长关系研究闫文德,田大伦(中南林学院生态研究室,湖南长沙410004)[]土壤理化性质;植被生长;锰矿废弃地;湘潭[]对湘潭锰矿废弃地的土壤特性与植物生长调查进行的分析表明:与非矿渣废弃地相比,锰矿废弃地土壤物理结构极不均匀,大都不适宜植物生长发育;土壤呈中性,NP含量较高,具备植物生长所必需的养分;但土壤中微量元素含量大都严重超标,往往会使植物中毒,甚至杀死植物建议在生态恢复时首先覆土改良土壤结构,其次选择高抗性的植物品种,特别是耐MnZnPb的植物品种[]S158.3[]B[]1000-0941(2006)07-0015-02,,,,,,,,,1,14km,44km,69km,165m(),62m(),70~80m,,42.2(,-8(,14.7(;2081mm,997.7mm,1431.4mm;1580.9[](2001BA510B11-01);(3027104330571487);(20021220);mm,992.2mm,1321.7mm,,,,,,,,,22.1野外调查与采样20042102004523,4,123,3,20m,3;4(),,,,,,A(0~10cm)B(11~20cm)C(21~30cm),3[11],.[J].,2004(2).[12],,.[J].(A),2003(4).[13],,.[J].,1995,6(1):76~80.[14],,.[J].,2003,18(5):536~543.[15]CostanzaR,dA'rgeR,RudolfdeGroot,etal.Thevalueoftheworldsecosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Nature,1997(387):253~260.[](1966-),,,,,[]2006-02-28(责任编辑张培虎)∀15∀SWCC20067SOILANDWATERCONSERVATIONINCHINANo.7(292)2006AbstractsOnCorrelationofRiverTrainingWorksandSustainableDevelopmentofEcosystemAlongbytheRiverXIEMingshu,YUFuling,CHENLibin,etal.(BeijingForestryUniversity,Beijing100083,China)(3)Rivertrainingisofprimaryimportancerelatedtoestablishingharmonioussociety.InChina,thereservoirswithhighdamsbuiltonthechannelinthepastdefinitelyhadplayedagreatroleinfloodcontro,lirrigation,powergenerationandnavigation,inthemeanwhile,alsohadcausedsomenegativeeffects,suchasresettlementanddepletioninthedownstreamofhighdamwherewaterisinsufficient,especiallymoresevereinthearidandsemiaridarea,resultingintheecosystemalongtheriverinthedownstreamofthereservoirdeterioratedandcrumbled.ThepaperpointsoutthatitmustbuildupanewideaofrivertrainingandadoptrivertrainingmeasuresthattallywiththeactuallocalsituationbasedonearnestanalysisontheoperationalcharacteristicofpurenaturalriversindifferentwaterresourcesregionsinChina,characteristicofoperationandadaptabilityandpositiveandnegativeenvironmentaleffectsbyapplyingtherationaleofhydraulicsandecology.Thepaperputsforwardfivefactorsofwaterquantity,waterquality,bankstability,biodiversityandscientifichumaninterferencethatmainlydeterminethesustainabledevelopmentoftheecosystemalongtheriver.Italsoputsforwardsixscientificsuggestions,especiallystressingontheefficiencyofbuildingsmallhydraulicworksoflowdamsandintegratedscientificmanagementmeasuresforthewholeriverbasin.KeyWords:rivertraining;ecosystemalongtheriver;sustainabledevelopment;lowdams;evaluationindexEvaluationofEcosystemServiceFunctionofBaiyangdianWetlandinAnxinCountyZHANGSuzhen1,WANGJindou2,LIGuibao3(1.ShijiazhuangCollage,Shijiazhuang,Hebei050035,China;2.ShijiazhuangVocationalSchoo,lShijiazhuang,Hebei050800,China;3.ChinaInstituteofWaterResources&HydropowerResearch,Beijing100038,China)(12)Wetlandhasmultifunctionsofuniqueecosystem.Itsimportanceistoprovidefoodsandotherrawmaterialsforindustrialandagriculturalproductiontothehuman.Themostimportanceisthatithassupportedandkeptthelifesupportsystemoftheearth.Theevaluationonitsecologicalservicefunctioncanprovidescientificbasisformanagementandwetlandprotection.TakingBaiyangdianWetlandinAnxinCountyofHebeiProvinceasastudyobject,thepaperconductsvalueestim