氨氮硝化过程对火电厂开式循环冷却水系统的影响罗奖合

:　20041020罗奖合1,李建玺1,陈　浩1,牛国平2,王蓉蓉1,罗利家3(1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西西安　710032;2.西柏坡发电有限责任公司,河北平山　050400;3.华能北京热电有限责任公司,北京　100023)[　]　将二级城市污水或受污染的天然水用作火电厂循环水的补水时,要考虑氨氮硝化过程带来的不良影响。试验和实践表明,补水中氨氮含量高时,循环水的pH值异常下降,铜管腐蚀速率明显上升,细菌总数大量增加,氧化性杀菌剂的杀菌效果被降低。对此进行分析后,给出了相关的治理措施。[]　火电厂;循环水;二级城市污水;氨氮;硝化过程;微生物;腐蚀[]　TM621.8　　[]A　　　[]10023364(2004)12000504　　,()50%～80%。,(,)。、、CODCr、、、,BOD5。,,。,,、,。1　:、(NH3NNH+4N)、(NO-2N)、(NO-3N),(TN),(TKN)。6∶4。,(),。BOD5(20～30)mg/L,CODCr(40～100)mg/L,TN(20～50)mg/L,P(6～10)mg/L[1],TN。,,NH3N(15～22)mg/L;BOD5(47～66)mg/L;CODCr(24～70)mg/L。,,。,,,,[1,2]:NH+4+2O2※NO-2+2H++2H2O(1)NH+4+1.86O2+1.98HCO-3※0.02C5H7NO2+0.98+NO-3+1.88H2CO3+1.04H2O(2):(1)20℃～35℃,9℃,6℃,0℃。·2004(12)5　　　　DOI:10.19666/j.rlfd.2004.12.0021　pH　　(2),2mg/L[1],4.57[3]。。(3),。,10mg15,10mg40[4]。(4)pH8～9[2],pH,pH。H+,,pH。1molNH+4NNO-2N2molHCO-3,1g,(CaCO3)7.14g[2]。,pH,pH6.5～9.5。(5),BOD5,N。10h[4]。(6)、、、。2　2.1　、NO-2NO-3,,。(),NO-2、NO-3。,,80%;NO-36～10。2.2　pH,pH,,。,H+,pH,,,。(1)例1　,(0.5～1.0)mmol/L、pH9.5,pH,6.0～7.0,4.3。pH。(2)例2　,16mg/L、1.4mg/L、2.0,pH(1),(3.0～6.4)mmol/L,(0.9～2.6)mmol/L。2.3　(),,3.0～5.0,1。1　　　　　/mmol·L-12.6BOD5/mg·L-18CODCr/mg·L-130/mg·L-115NO-3/mg·L-112pH8.0360h,260hpH(7.97)。(3.0～7.5)mmol/L,0.5mg/L;BOD535.5mg/L,CODCr162mg/L,2.0mg/L,pH7.36。。,。　6　　　　·2004(12)3　3.1　,pH。pH,、;pH,pH7,pH,。。,,、。50μg/L(,0.005mm/a),10mg/L[5]。,、,pH,,pH。,Larson。([Cl-]+[SO2-4])/[HCO-3]0.5,;[HCO-3]/([Cl-]+[SO2-4])1,。,HCO-3,;NO-3CO2,Riddick,,。,:,,,[5]。2。2　/mg·L-1/mg·L-1/·mL-12001()2500.56103～1042002()3925.0106～1072003()4201.40105～1062003()2917.0～1063.2　、,。。,,NHClNH2Cl60%22%[6],。,NO-2,,,,,。,NO-2,。,,,()。4　4.1　,。,、,[5]。,、,pH、、。4.2　。。4.3,。,1。3.0～5.0,(0.2～0.5)mg/L。3。:TRL004G(1)2。·2004(12)7　　　　,2.5,,,B30Fe110.005mm/a,。3　/h/g/mm·a-1①TP304501.50.00040.00061HSn701A501.50.00150.00241HSn701B501.50.00060.00081B30501.50.00040.00051501.50.16890.102513600.00160.00312TP3043600.00140.00282HSn701A3600.00430.00972HSn701B3600.00420.00762B303600.00330.005923600.32250.274323600.02310.17032①13mg/L;212mg/L4.4　,,,。,,,。,,,,。,,。,。,,:ClO2。:50mg/L,ClO25min,99.8%,Cl276.7%。ClO2,pH(6～10)[7]。4.5　(11～3)30mg/L,104～10(4)。,,。,,,。,180μg/L75μg/L。,10%,(10～20)μg/L,5。4　、/mg·L-1/mg·L-1pHpH/mmol·L-1　/mg·L-1μg·L-1μg·L-1200342.67.378.052.971.0019.2134.22003511.47.247.702.2317.8115.7200367.656.981.0530.9215.9200371.767.377.221.7620.2274.1200385.267.697.392.4116.0167.32003911.08.17.887.382.430.917.6393.02003102.37.727.322.2628.8187.120031133.188.047.031.1737.2197.020031238.0843.08.067.531.80127.8653.82004134.47.67.421.03123.2838.82004238.388.467.751.1082.0560.22004339.1816.08.347.721.261.41123.1601.75　　　　/%020～3030～4040～50/μg·L-1150～180100～15080～10060～804.6　,,,。,,,。,。4.7　、、、,:,,,,,。,。(12)　8　　　　·2004(12)1996,27(1):621622.[4]　StrandM,PagelsJ,etal.Flyashpenetrationthroughelec-trostaticprecipitatorandfluegascondenserina6MWbiomassfiredboiler[J].Energy&Fuels,2002,(16):14991506.[5]　ConstanceL.Senior,JosephJ.Helble,AdelF.Sarofim.Emissionsofmercury,traceelements,andfineparticlesfromstationarycombustionsources[J].FuelProcessingTechnol-ogy,2000,(6566):263288.[6]　JongIkYoo,KiHeonKim,etal.Emissioncharacteris-ticsofparticulatematterandheavymetalsfromsmallincin-eratorsandboilers[J].AtmosphericEnvironment,2002,(36):50575066.[7]　AnnG.Kim.PhysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofCCB[J].Energy&Fuels,1996,(30):2543.[8]　TerttaliisaLind,EskoI.Kauppinen,etal.Heavymetalbehaviourduringcirculatingfluidizedbedcombustionofwil-low[C].Proceedingsofthe15thInternationalConferenceonFluidizedBedCombustion,1999.[9]　C.L.SeniorandT.Panagiotou,AdelF.Sarofim,JosephJ.Helble.Formationofultrafineparticulatematterfrompulverizedcoalcombustion[J].AmericanChemicalSociety,2000,45(1):16.[10]WayneS.Seames.Aninitialstudyofthefinefragmentationflyashparticlemodegeneratedduringpulverizedcoalcom-bustion[J].FuelProcessingTechnology,2003,(81):109125.[11],,.[C].,2003.[12]LarryL.Baxter.Charfragmentationandflyashformationduringpulverizedcoalcombustion[J].CombustionandFlame,1992,(90):174184.[13]LinakWP,WendtJOL.Traceelementtransfromationmech-anismsduringcoalcombustion[J].Fuelprocessingtechnolo-gy,1994,(39):173198.[14]McnallanM.J.,Yunck,G.j.,ElliottJ.F.Theformationofinorganicparticulatesbyhomogeneousnucleationingasesproducedbythecombustionofcoal[J].CombustionandFlame,1981,(42):4560.[15]PratimB,MichaelRZ.Insituimmobilizationofleadspeciesincombustionenvironmentsbyinjectionofgasphasesilicasorbentprecursors[J].EnvironmentalScience&Technology,1997,31(9):24552463.[16]PratimB.Chemistryofmercuryspeciesandtheircontrolincoalcombustion[J].IndustrialEngineeringandChemistryResearch,1996,(35):792798.[17]YeZhuang.Experimentalandtheoreticalstudyofsubmi-crometerparticleformationandcapturemechanismsincoalcombustionenvironments.ADissertationSubmittedtotheDivisionofResearchandAdvancedStudiesoftheUniversityofCincinnati[18]YeZhuang,PratimB.submicrometerparticleformationandcontrolinabenchscalepulverizedcoalcombustor[J].En-ergy&Fuels,2001,(15):510516.[19].[M].,2002.[20].[M].,1994.[21]FuchsNA.mechanicsofaerosol.Pergamonpress,1964.[22]EliassonB.etal.Coagulationofbipolarlychargedaerosolsinstackcoagulator[J].JournalofAeroso