滨河湿地对农业非点源氮污染控制研究进展赵同谦

2　11环境工程学报Vol.2,No.11200811ChineseJournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringNov.2008赵同谦1　徐华山1　任玉芬2　曾繁富1　邰　超1(1.,454003;2.,100085)　　、。,,,。,、、,。,、,。、。　　　　X522　　　A　　　1673-9108(2008)11-1441-06Researchprogressinagriculturalnon-pointnitrogenpollutioncontrolinriparianwetlandsZhaoTongqian1　XuHuashan1　RenYufen2　ZengFangfu1　TaiChao1(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,HenanPolytechnicUniversity,Jiaozuo454003;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofUrbanandRegionalEcology,ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085)Abstract　Nitrogenisconsideredasthemostimportantandwidespreadwaterpollutantinagriculturalrun-off.Theriparianlandscapeisuniqueamongenvironmentsbecauseitisaterrestrialhabitatstronglyaffectingandaffectedbyaquaticenvironments.Asimportantecologicalecotonesbetweenterrestrialandaquaticenvironments,riparianwetlandscaninterceptandtransformwater-bornepollutants,especiallyNinrunofffromagriculturallandbeforedischargingintoadjacentstreamsorrivers.PlantuptakeanddenitrificationareconsideredtobethemostimportantprocessesresponsibleforNretentionandmitigationinriparianwetland.Nitrogeninwetlandsisre-movedfromthewaterbybiologicaltransformations,plantuptakeandmicrobestemporarilyimmobilizenitrogen,whereaspermanentnitrogenremovaloccursviadenitrification.Inordertocomprehendthenitrogencontroleffectofriparianwetlandonagriculturalecosystem,thenitrogenremovingfunction,mechanismandtheinfluencingfactorsofdenitrificationprocesswereanalyzedonthebasisofalotofreferences.Andtheforegroundofthere-searchareawasprospectedaftersummarizingthepresentstudystateinourcountry.Thisresearchareawillbe-comeimportantbasictheoryofecosystemserviceevaluation,ecosystemhealthandstabilizationdegradationresto-rationinriparianwetlands.Keywords　riparianwetland;agriculturalnon-pointpollution;nitrogenpollution:(30570276):2008-03-02;:2008-04-11:(1969～),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]　　、、[1,2],,。、、,,,,、。,。2050[3],、。,,2。,,,-3～+5,(NO-3)、(NO-2)、(NH+4)(、),,[4]。、、NH+4、、NH3,,,N2O。、。1　,[5～11]。《EcologicalEngineer-ing》20055,、。Christopher[2](1)。,。,:(1);(2)1　[2]Fig.1　HydrologicalandbiogeochemicalmodelofnitrogencyclingandtransportinanagriculturalriparianzoneinFrance144211:;(3)。、,、,,、。,,。,,(,)。2　、。,50m89%80%[12]。Busse[13,14],、,、、/、/、。1。,,。、,,。1　Table1　Purificationcapabilityofagriculturalnon-pointnitrogenpollutioninriparianwetlands(%)NO-3、NH+4、95、15NH+4、NO-3、NO-2、、67～9816NO-3、NH+459～6817NO-38018NO-3、41～7419NO-3、95203　、、NH+4、、NH3。,。Hefting[21],2,,[22,23]。2。2　Table2　Purificationmechanismsofagriculturalnon-pointnitrogenpollutioninriparianwetlands24、25DNRADNRA,26-(mm～100μm),,1127、;2014432　　,,N2O。4　　　。,[28],,,。、pH、、Eh、、(),。25～35℃,5℃40℃[29]。pH8.5,pH6.0,。,[4]。,,Eh220mV[30],。,Groffman[31],,、C/N,C/N25∶1～30∶1,C/N,,,,,N2O[4]。pH[32],pH7.0～8.5,pH5.0,[4]。10～30℃,-4～-2℃,70℃,。。,N2O[33]。,、[34],[35]。[36],,(3)。,,,、。3　Table3　Purificationinfluencingfactorsofagriculturalnon-pointnitrogenpollutioninriparianwetlands/、、、37,4015,21,25,2619,38～40404116、245　　　、,,,WCRPIGBP,。,。(1)15N、,;(2)、、;(3);(4);(5)144411:,。,,。,,,,,,,。[1]GregoryS.V.,SwansonF.J.,McKeeW.A.,etal.Ane-cosystemperspectiveofriparianzones.Bioscience,1991,41(8):540～561[2]ChristopherP.C.,JeffreyJ.M.Linkingthehydrologicandbiogeochemicalcontrolsofnitrogentransportinnear-streamzonesoftemperate-forestedcatchments:Areview.JournalofHydrology,1997,199:88～120[3]MosierA.R.,BlekenM.A.,ChaiwanakuptP.,etal.Policyimplicationsofhumusacceleratednitrogencycling.Biogeochemistry,2001,52:281～320[4],,,..,2005,4(4):311～320[5]PeterjohnW.T.,CorrellD.L.Nutrientdynamicsinanag-riculturalwatershed:Observationsontheroleofariparianforest.Ecology,1984,65:1466～1475[6]LowranceR.R.,LeanardR.A.,AsmussenL.E.,etal.Nutrientbudgetsforagriculturalwatershedsinthesouth-easterncoastalplain.Ecology,1985,66:287～296[7]CookeJ.G.,CooperA.B.SourcesandsinksofnutrientsinaNewZealandHillpasturecatchmnet.III.NitrogenHy-drologyProcesses,1988,2:135～149[8]CooperA.B.Nitratedepletionintheriparianzoneandstreamchannelofasmallheadwatercatchment.Hydrobio-logia,1990,202:13～26[9]HillA.R.Nitrateremovalinstreamriparianzones.Jour-nalofEnvironmentalQuality,1996,25:743～756[10]LowranceR.,AltierL.S.,NewboldJ.D.,etal.WaterqualityfunctionsofriparianforestbuffersinChesapeakeBaywatersheds.EnvironmentalManagement,1997,21:687～712[11]RevsbechN.P.,JacobsenJ.P.,NielsenL.P.Nitro-gentransformationsinmicroenvironmentsofriverbedsandriparianzones.EcologicalEngineering,2005,24:447～456[12]..:,2003.11～12[13]BusseL.B.,GunkelG.Riparianalderfens-sourceorsinkfornutrientsanddissolvedorganiccarbon?-1.Effectsofwaterlevelfluctuations.Limnologica,2001,31:307～315[14]BusseL.B.,GunkelG.Riparianalderfens-sourceorsinkfornutrientsanddissolvedorganiccarbon?-2.Ma-jorsourcesandsinks.Limnologica,2002,32:44～53[15]HeftingM.M.,deKleinJ.J.M.NitrogenremovalinbufferstripsalongalowlandstreamintheNetherlands:Apilotstudy.EnvironmentalPollution,1998,102:521～526[16]Mander.,KullA.,KuusemetsV.,etal.Nutrientrun-offdynamicsinaruralcatchment:Influenceofland-usechanges,climaticfluctuationsandecotechnologicalmeas-ures.EcologicalEngineering,2000,14:405～417[17]HoffmannC