巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险

2711201411ＲesearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol．27No．11Nov．2014．J．201427111258-1264．LIUChengSHAOShiguangFANChengxinetal．DistributionandreleaseriskofnutrientsinthesedimentsofheavilypollutedconfluencebayofChaohuLakeJ．ＲesearchofEnvironmentalSciences20142711[e-mail]．*[e-mail]1231*121211．2100082．1000493．210098、．17．wTNwTP1399.3～3739.4607.9～1602.3mgkgwTN、wTPwNH4+-NwTN5.62%～17.60%16wAl-PwTP50%NH4+-NPO43－-P14.27～128.240.07～13.00mgm2·d、205024cm8090．、NH4+-NPO43－-P．X5241001－6929201411－1258－07ADOI10.13198j．issn．1001-6929．2014．11．06DistributionandＲeleaseＲiskofNutrientsintheSedimentsofHeavilyPollutedConfluenceBayofChaohuLakeLIUCheng12SHAOShi-guang3FANCheng-xin1*ZHOUQi-lin12CHENChao12SHENQiu-shi11．StateKeyLaboratoryofLakeScienceandEnvironmentNanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnologyChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008China2．UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049China3．CollegeofHydrologyandWaterＲesourcesStateKeyLaboratoryofHydrology-WaterＲesourcesandHydraulicEngineeringHohaiUniversityNanjing210098ChinaAbstractTheconfluencebayregionwasformedinthenorthwestofChaohuLakebecauseoftheradialdistributionofseveralinflowriverssuchasNanfeiＲiverShiwuliＲiveretc．Itisthereforeverymeaningfultoknowthecumulativedistributionandreleaserisknutrientsinthisareaforthepollutionstatusevaluation．Hence17sedimentsampleswerecollectedtoanalyzethenutrientconcentrationandformations．Inadditionthereleaseriskofthenutrientsfromthesedimentswasevaluatedusingthestatisticalcultivation．Theresultsshowedthat1thewTNandwTPrangedfrom1399.3to3739.4mgkgandfrom607.9to1602.3mgkgrespectively．ThetwoparameterswerehigherthantheirmeanvaluesinthesedimentofChaohuLake．2TheratiosofwNH4+-NtowTNwerefrom5.62%to17.60%．MeanwhiletheratioofwAl-PtowTPexceeded50%in16samplingsites．ThereleasefluxesofNH4+-NandPO43－-Preached14.27-128.24and0.07-13.00mgm2·drespectivelybecauseofthehighratiosofwNH4+-NandwAl-P．MoreovernutrientreleaserisksintheestuariesofChaohuLakeweremuchhigherthanthatinotherareasinthebay．3TheverticaldistributionspatternsofwTNandwTPindicatedthattheaccumulationofnutrientsinitiatedfromthe1950sacorrespondentsedimentdepthof24cmand11acceleratedsharplyinthe1980stothelate1990s．ThereforesedimentsintheconfluencebaywasavitalpollutionsourcetothewaterbodyofChaohuLakebecauseofthehighlevelsofwTNandwTPandtheconsiderablereleasefluxesofNH4+-NandPO43－-P．Inconclusionurgentmeasuresmustbetakentocontrolthenutrientspollutioninthebayespeciallyintheestuaries．KeywordsconfluencebaysedimentnutrientsreleaseratesChaohuLake、1-2．“”、“”3．．770km213486km22.69m45．3367-8、．9．、．11.120km2．20133GPS17Φ90mm×500mm．1．0～2cm1cm2cm2cm．1Fig.1Samplingsitesanddistributionofsedimentdepthinthebaystudied1.2－20℃1500.106mm．wTNwTP《》10．〔NH4+-NNO3－-N〕Shannon11Ｒydin12Lb-P、Fe-P、Al-P、OP、Ca-PＲesidual-P．1.320cm．25℃0、12、24、36、48、6072h50mL952127．NH4+-NPO43－-P13r=VCn－C0+∑nn－1Vj－1Cj－1－Ca[]A·t1rmgm2·dVLCn、C0Cj－1n、j－1mgLCamgLVj－1j－1LA-m2td．1.4、Surfer11.0Origin8.5SPSS19.0．22.1、0～1cmwTNwTP2．2awTN1399.3～3739.4mgkg2750.8±615.1mgkgwTN1696.0mgkg14CV0.22wTN．、17、31wTN1644.9、2641.63074.2mgkgwTN1km2248.5mgkg1999．wTN152010．wTN93739.4mgkgwTN．2bwTP607.9～1602.3mgkg1137.6±257.9mgkg697.0mgkg1416CV0.23wTP．13wTP1254.81358.4mgkg221544.8mgkg．15．17wTP1070.2mgkg1620071200mgkgwTP．wTNwTP、．2wTN、wTPFig.2LevelsofwTNandwTPinsurfacesediment、17．0～1cmwNH4+-N104.7～705.4mgkgCV0.39wTN5.62%～17.60%wNH4+-N6、7、8、13、1415wNO3－-N14.0～64.8mgkgCV0.29wTN0.07%～1.71%．316wAl-P50%．wAl-P63.6～1138.3mgkgCV=0.34＞wＲesidual-P6.8～969.7mgkgCV=0.89＞wFe-P35.3～86.2mgkgCV=0.23＞wOP3.0～131.4mgkg062111CV=0.87＞wCa-P8.2～65.8mgkgCV=0.78＞wLb-P1.4～26.5mgkgCV=0.90．3Fig.3PercentagesofthecontentsofvariousphosphorusformsinsurfacesedimentwTNwTP4．4wTNwTP24cm19501815～8cm208090198～0cm209019、20508090．20801980—200040kghm2270kghm220、390．4wTN、wTPFig.4VerticaldistributionsofwTNandwTPinsediment2.2、-“”“”21．、NH4+-NPO43－-P1.5d211.5～3.0d．NH4+-N14.27～128.24mgm2·dCV0.46．56〔128.24±39.45mgm2·d〕9〔14.27±15.07mgm2·d〕．、2.1wNH4+-N．5NH4+-NPO43－-PFig.5ＲeleaseratesofNH4+-NandPO43－-PofsedimentPO43－-P0.07～13.00mgm2·dCV0.71．5〔13.00±1.10mgm2·d〕16212717〔0.07±0.58mgm2·d〕143.0d．．、700m、．wTNwTPNH4+-NPO43－-P、1．1wTNwTP＞＞．NH4+-NwTNwTN2.2NH4+-N2.3222.1wNH4+-NwTN8.72%±2.91%．PO43－-P23Lb-P、Al-P、Fe-POPLb-PAl-P24．2wLb-PwAl-P．wAl-P252627PO43－-P．、NH4+-NPO43－-PNH4+-NPO43－-P．1Table1ContentsandreleaseratesofnutrientsinsedimentofseveraltypicalpollutedbaysinChinawmgkgmgm2·dTNTPNH4+-NPO43－-P730540－11．2－0．5732187043030．60．29321125071056．92．54321—4087．71803．0285930196031．59．7529-313030165015．60．7829-3151203590—1．2929-30322750．81137．673．05．28．2Table2CorrelationbetweenphosphorousreleaseratesandthecontentsofvariousphosphorousformswLb-PwFe-PwAl-PwOPwCa-PwＲesidual-P1wLb-P－0.1811wFe-P－0.0240.3871wAl-P0.350－0.585b0.1881wOP－0.1850.629a0.302－0.1521wCa-P－0.3570.854a0.128－0.629a0.648a1wＲesidual-P－0.3560.728a0.126－0.518b0.3220.766a1PearsonaP＜0.01bP＜0.05．3awTN700m1399.3～3739.4mgkgwNH4+-N2621115.62%～17.60%wTP、607.9～1602.3mgkgwAl-P16wAl-P50%．、．bwTNwTP、205024cm