城市废弃物处理温室气体排放研究以厦门市为例

33920129ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol．33No．9Sep．20121212*12121.3610212．361021．IPCC20062005～2010、．2005CO2e406.3kt2010CO2e704.6kt．200590%201075%．2007CO2e325.5kt2005～2010CH4CH455%．X511A0250-3301201209-3288-072011-11-192012-02-21710030902010090551986～[e-mail]*[e-mail]issionsfromUrbanWasteDisposalSystemACaseStudyinXiamenYUYang12CUISheng-hui12LINJian-yi12LIFei121．KeyLaboratoryofUrbanEnvironmentandHealthInstituteofUrbanEnvironmentChineseAcademyofSciencesXiamen361021China2．XiamenKeyLaboratoryofUrbanMetabolismXiamen361021ChinaAbstractWastedisposalisoneofthesourcesofgreenhousegasGHGemissionsfromurbanhumanactivities．AccordingtothemethodrecommendedbyIPCCGuidelinesforNationalGreenhouseGasInventories2006acalculationmodelwasestablishedtoassessGHGemissionsofwastedisposalinXiamen．ThenGHGemissionsfromwastedisposalinXiamenduringtheyearof2005-2010wereestimatedincludingsolidwastelandfillsolidwasteincinerationandwastewatertreatment．TheresultsshowedthattotalGHGemissionsquantifiedincarbondioxideequivalentsCO2efromwastedisposalwas406.3ktin2005andincreasedto704.6ktin2010．BecauseoftheimprovementofwastewatertreatmentprocessandrapidincreasingmunicipalsolidwasteMSWthemainsourceofemissionswasfromwastewatertreatmentturningtosolidwastelandfill．GHGemissionsfromsolidwastelandfillaccountedforabout90%oftotalemissionsfromsolidwastedisposalprocessin2005andtheproportiondecreasedto75%in2010．GHGemissionsquantifiedinCO2efromwastewatertreatmentreachedthehighestvalue325.5ktin2007．ChemicalrawmaterialsandchemicalindustryhavebeenthehighestCH4emissionindustryduring2005-2010whichaccountedformorethan55%oftotalCH4emissionfromindustrialwastewatertreatment．KeywordsXiamensolidwastelandfillsolidwasteincinerationwastewatertreatmentgreenhousegasGHGCO2、CH4、N2O1～5．．100t·a－1CH42000t·a－1～7000t·a－16～9．2006CH4CH423%CH4CH4CH419%CH41011．CH4、N2O．2070146m3·a－12010620m3·a－112～15．．CH42CH49CH41617．12．IPCC200618．IPCCEMEP/EFAGHG、、GHG19～21．IPCC、2005～2010．、．1118°04'04″E、24°26'46″N、．1565km2390km222．6、、、、2115．、2000215.3kg·a·－12010414.3kg·a·－123．2008、20082009、80%．200517203t201024366t41.6%711．22005～2010、、、、、GHG．95%100%．GHG．2.1GHG、、MSW、GHG、、、22GHG、、、、、、、35、24CH41825．2.22.2.1CH4CH4．CH4．IPCC2006FOD19971997．1DOCDOC982333DOC=ΣiDOCi×Wi1DDOCm=W×DOC×DOCf×MCF2DOCMSW18DOCii18WiDDOCmDOCWDOCfDOC0.5MCFCH41.0．2CH4DDOCmaT=DDOCmdT+DDOCmaT－1×e－k3DDOCmdecompT=DDOCmaT－1×1－e－k4ECH4T=DDOCmdecompT×F×16/12－RT×1－OXT5TDDOCmaTTSWDSDDOCmDDOCmaT－1T－1DDOCmDDOCmdTTSWDSDDOCmDDOCmdecompTTSWDSDDOCmk0.17ECH4TTCH4FCH40.5RTTCH4OXTT0．2.2.2CO2CH4、N2O．IPCC2006．1CO2、CH4、N2OECO2=ΣiSWi×dmi×CFi×FCFi×OFi×44/126ECO2CO2i/、、、SWiidmii18CFii18FCFii16OFii．ECH4/N2O=ΣiIWi×EFi×10－67ECH4/N2OCH4N2OIWiiEFii25i、、、．2MSWB=P×Pfrac×MSWp×Bfrac×365×10－68MSWBP22Pfrac22MSWPBfrac．2.2.3CH4N2OCO2．N2O、．IPCCN2ON2O．、．9、10．1CH4ECH4=TOW×EF－R9EF=B0×MCF10ECH4CH4TOWEFCH4RCH4B0CH4CH4/BOD0.282kg·kg－125MCFCH40.16525．2CH4ECH4=ΣiTOWi－Si×EFi－Ri11ECH4CH4iTOWiiTOWiCODCOD24SiiEFiiCH41025RiiCH4．092393N2OEN2O=NE×EFE×44/2812NE=P×Pr×FNPR×FNON－CON×FIND－COM－NS13EN2ON2ONEEFEN2O44/28PPr22FNPR0.16FNON-CON1.525FIND-COM1.2524NS．33.12005～20101．200538%200867%201040%．、、5%．20055%201012%12005～2010Fig．1CompositionofXiamen'sMSWduring2005-2010．、2005．2005～2010121CO2eCH4N2OGWPCO2213102N2O2．1200590%201075%．、、CH4CH4CO2．2005～201060.9t102.3t11.4%．2009CO2e2005160.0kt371.7kt20102009CH4．20092010CH4948t3540t．20092008．．、．12005～2010CO2e/ktTable1GHGemissionsquantifiedinCO2efromsolidwastedisposalduring2005-2010/kt200520062007200820092010160.0185.8253.1316.4371.7366.80.50.91.915.976.091.527.420.026.525.630.429.9187.9206.7281.5357.9478.1488.23.22005～20102．2005～201013289t19908t50%7.58t8.22tCH419233322005～2010Table2GHGemissionsfromwastewatertreatmentofXiamenduring2005-2010200520062007200820092010CH4/kt3.53.43.63.63.73.86.97.111.97.76.96.5N2O/t0.10.10.10.10.20.2CO2e/kt218.4220.5325.5237.3222.7216.42CO2、CH4Fig．2CO2andCH4emissionsfromsolidwastedisposalN2O、．CH42007．、、．、4017、17CH4CH4．35CH4CH44、、、3．2005～2010CH4CH455%2007CH4CH4、CH45a2007．3.3、2005～20104．6a32005～2010CH4Fig．3IndustriesofhighCH4emissionfromwastewatertreatmentinXiamenduring2005-201042005～2010Fig．4GHGemissionsfromwastedisposalinXiamenduring2005-20102005CO2e406.3kt2010CO2e704.6kt73.4%．20072007CH42008、CH4．2009．2007．29239．CH4CO2CO2e17．CH415%CH4．4GHG．CH4IPCC．IPCCDOCfCH4MCF．、GHG．、、IPCC．、．．CH4．、MSW、CH4、．CH4IPCC2005CH41997CH4．IPCCGHG．、、IPCCCH4MCF、OXT．N2O．．512005～2010、、3CO2e2005406.3kt2010704.6kt．、、CH4．2009CH4．2005～2010CH4CH455%．2、．、、．、、、、．1KennedyCSteinbergerJGassonBetal．GreenhousegasemissionsfromglobalcitiesJ．EnvironmentalScience＆Technology200943197297-7302．3923332VitousekPMMooneyHALubchencoJetal．Humandominationofearth'secosystemsJ．Science19972775325494-499．3．J．19975267-74．4PanLYLinTXiaoLSetal．Householdwastemanagementforaperi-urbanareabasedonanalyzinggreenhousegasemissionsforJimeiDistrictXiamenChinaJ．InternationalJournalofSustainableDevelopment＆WorldEcology2010174342-349．5．J．201131102319-2328．6FadelMEMassoudM．MethaneemissionsfromwastewatermanagementJ．EnvironmentalPollution20011142177-185．7．J．19969338-40．8．J．200425615