城市生活垃圾处理处置现状分析

:1009-6094(2003)04-0060-05张宪生1,　沈吉敏1,　厉　伟1,　解　强1,2(1,221008;2,100083):,,,:,;;,,,,,,:;;;;:X705:A0,,,8.98%:668200[1];60T,5m2;,[29],,,,,[1015],,,,,,,11.1,51010T,,196020001.01kg1.68kg,1.7[16];1T,;800kg,[17];8.23106,1.15106T[18][1618],3:1),1kg/d;2),;3),,1.21979,9%[19,20],20017835T[21],,20%[22]1[23];2[24];3[24]1Fig.1WastegenerationofdifferentareainChina2Fig.2Trendsofcitiesstat.anddisposedwastes13,3420038JournalofSafetyandEnvironmentVol.3,No.4Oct,2003:2003-01-06:(1972-),,,,;,,,,,22.1,,,,,16[18]3Fig.3Trendsofurbanun-ruralpopulationandpercapitageneration16Table1CompositionofMSWofformersixdevelopedcountriesCountryPaperGlassMetalPlasticsRubbertextileWoodFoodscrapsYardtrimmingsOthersUSA43.06.18.811.84.42.27.616.50.8Japan53.15.32.89.3-4.311.4-0.1Germany42.05.06.09.0-8.028.2--France30.014.07.010.06.03.025.0-5.0England35.511.06.07.1-5.026.0--Italy18.04.03.04.04.0-28.0--2.24[24],5[24]4Fig.4CompositionofMSWfromgasconsumeregion45,,,;33.1[2426]3,,5:5Fig.5CompositionofMSWfromcoalconsumeregion3.1.1,,,,,3.1.2,,,;;6120038,:()3.1.3,,,,,[27]4000kJ/kg,,[28,29],3.1.4,3.1.5,(),,3.1.6:,,,:90%,75%,,,,,;,,:;,,:,,;,:,,,;,,3.2,,,46[18]6,,,,,,,,;,,,,6Fig.6MSWdisposalproportionindevelopedcountries3.3,,70%;,20%;[30]3.3.120,,,:1),;2),,,;3),,,3.3.2,,,,,,;,,,,,3.3.3,,,:,(3344kJ/kg);,,,,,6234,(),7200kJ/kg[31];4500kJ/kg;4000kJ/kg;4000kJ/kg[32,33],,,,4,,;,,,;,,,:1),,(),;2),,;3),,,,,()References():[1]GaoGuang(),DongYawen(),JinHaobo(),etal.Researchesoncountermeasuresofmunicipalwastedisposalandmanagement[J].UrbanEnvironmentandUrbanEcology(),2000,13(2):3941[2]MaXiaoqian().Producingandcontrolofpollutantbyrefuseincineration[J].PowerSystemEngineering(),1998,14(3):3840[3]HorchiengleO.HandbookofEnvironmentChemistry.Fascicle5()[M].XuZhengfan(),tran.Beijing:ChinaEnvironmentalSciencePress,1987[4]QianBin().PollutionandcontrolofdioxininMSWincinerator[J].IndustryKiln(),2000,22(1):2022[5]GordonMcKay.Dioxincharacterization,formationandminimizationduringmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)incineration:review[J].ChemicalEngineeringJournal,2002,86:343368[6]HarryM,Freeman.Treatmentalternativesfordioxinwastes[J].JAPCA,1986,36(1):11231129[7]JosephRandVisalliJ.Acomparisonofdioxin,furanandcombustiongasdatafromtestprogramsatthreeMSWincinerators[J].JAPCA,1987,37(12):14511463[8]WalterM.Shaub.DioxinformationinIncinerators[J].EnvironSciTechnol,1983,17(12):721730[9]FengLibin().Gaseouspollutionandcontrolofmunicipalwasteincineration[J].EnvironmentProtection().1992,(2):1618[10]QuChaoshu().Thefeaturesofrefuseincineratingprocessandthesketchofincineratordesign[J].JournalofChongqingUniversity.NaturalScienceEdition()[M].1997,20(5):5257[11]LiXiaodong(),HuangGuoquan(),LiAimin(),etal.Experimentalstudyofmunicipalsolidwastedifferential-densityfluidizedbedincinerationtechnology[J].PowerEngineering(),1998,18(6):2127[12]JinBaosheng(),ZhongZhaoping()andZhouShanming().Studyonpyrolysischaracteristicsandkineticsofmunicipalsolidwastes[J].JournalofEngineeringThermalphysics(),1999,20(4):510514[13]YuXia(),WeiDunsong()andRenJianxing().Powergenerationfrommunicipalsolidwastegasification[J].JournalofShanghaiInstituteofElectricPower(),1998,14(2):3338[14]ZhangKunmin()andSunRongqing().AnalysisofstatusandtrendsontheinvestmenttoenvironmentalpollutioncontrolinChina[J].ChinaEnvironmentalScience(),1999,19(2):97101[15]RuYihong(),ShiYang(),LuWei(),etal.ControlcountermeasuresofmunicipalrefuseinBeijing[J].ChinaMechanicalEngineering(),2001,12(30):343346[16]USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.MunicipalSolidWasteinTheUnitedStates:2000FactsandFigures[EB/OL].[17]ZhuJianguo().GlobalpowerutilizationofsolidwasteincinerationandthedevelopmentinChina[J].NewPowerSource(),1996,(18):3539[18]LiaoLi().ManagementandDisposalofMunicipalWastes()[M].Beijing:SciencePress,1999[19]ChenKefa(),XuXu(),GuYueling(),etal.Researchonwasteincinerationtechnologyinthefluidizedbed[J].JournalofXi'anJiaoTongUniversity(),2000,34(1):18[20]DongBaoshu().CurrentsituationandtreatmentcountermeasureofindustrysolidwastesinChina[J].ChinaEnvironmentalProtectionIndustry(),2001,(5):2021[21]SunYubo().58%municipalsolidwastedisposedinChina(58%)[N/OL].XinhuaNewsAgency().2002-08-27.=0&SelectID=2&ChannelID=4255&Page=1[22]ZhengYisheng()andWangShiwen().Reviewof6320038,:EnvironmentandDevelopmentinChina.Vol.1(.1)[M].Beijing:SocialScienceLiteraturePress,2001[23]ChenHaibin()andTaoHua().StudyforthestatusquoofmunicipalrefusedisposalinChina[J].JWuhanUrbanConstructionInstitute(),1997,14(3):4044[24]PollutionControlDepartmentofNationalEnvironmentProtectionAgency().TechnologyofManagementandDisposalofMunicipalSolidWastes()[M].Beijing:ChinaPetroleumChemicalIndustryPress,1999[25]WangZhongmin()andWuSonghua().DisposalandTreatmentofMunicipalWastes()[M].Beijing:ChinaArchitectureIndustryPress,1991[26]ZhangYi()andZhaoYoucai().IncinerationTechnologyofMunicipalWastes()[M].Beijing:ChemicalIndustryPress,2000[27]FengBin(),WuYinghai(),LiFeng(),etal.Incinerationofmunicipalgarbageanddioxin[J].EnergyStudyandUtilization