池塘循环水养殖模式的构建及其对氮磷的去除效果胡庚东

　　2011,27(3):82-86JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment胡庚东,宋　超,陈家长,吴　伟,孟顺龙,范立民,戈贤平①　(/,　214081):、、(1)、23,。20105—10,3,0.33mg·L-1,60.0103mg·L-1,0.02mg·L-1,GB3838—2002《》Ⅴ(≤2.0mg·L-1),Ⅲ(≤0.2mg·L-1),a,16.10%～91.22%。,、、、a。,,。2a,。:;;;:X703　　:A　　:1673-4831(2011)03-0082-05ModelingofWaterCirculatingPondAquacultureSystemandItsNPRemovalEffect.HUGeng-dong,SONGChao,CHENJia-zhang,WUWei,MENGShun-long,FANLi-min,GEXian-ping(FreshwaterFisheriesResearchCenter,ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences/KeyOpenLaboratoryofEcologicalEnvironmentandResourcesofInlandFisheries,Wuxi214081,China)Abstract:Amodelofwatercirculatingpondaquaculturesystemforfishrearingwasconstructedandtested,includingwa-tersource,fishpond,eco-canal(first-levelpurification),second-levelpurificationpondandthird-levelpurificationpond,anditseffectofremovingnitrogenandphosphorouswasstudied.Thetest-runningofthemodelfromMaytoOctober2010showedthatafterthreelevelsofpurification,theconcentrationofammonianitrogeninoutflowingwastewaterfromthesystemwasmaintainedaround0.33mg·L-1andevenlowereddownto0.0103mg·L-1inJune,andtheconcentrationofnitritenitrogenwaskeptlowerthan0.02mg·L-1,makingtheconcentrationoftotalnitrogenmeetthecriteriaofGradeVoftheStandardforSurfaceWaterEnvironmentQuality(GB3838—2002),andtheconcentrationoftotalphosphorousthecriteriaofGradeIIIoftheStandardforSurfaceWaterEnvironmentQuality.Theeffectofthemodelremovingchloro-phyll-awasalsoveryobvious,rangingfrom16.10%to91.22%inrate.Itisclearthatthemodelcouldremovesurplusammonianitrogen,nitritenitrogen,totalnitrogen,totalphosphorousandchlorophyll-afromthewastewater.But,inthisexperiment,thepurificationpondsdidnotshowtheirfunctionofeffectmultiplierlevelbylevel,maybeduetotheexces-sivedensityofaquaticplantsasaresultofpoormanagement,whichledtofluctuationofwaterquality.Thetestinthepasttwoyearsdemonstratesthatthemodelofwatercirculatingpondaquaculturesystemisstillintheprocessofimprovingfunc-tionally,buthasnotyetgotmature.Keywords:watercirculatingaquaculture;nitrogen;phosphorous;removal:2010-12-31:(CARS-46);(2007JBFA03)①E-mail:[e-mail]　　2070,“++”。,,,。,,5%～10%[1],25%～30%[2]。,,、。,。“++”,“-　3　:·83　　　·-”,“--”。,[3]。,,,,、,“”[4]。2008—2010,。,、、、、,,。1　1.1　,1,23,2、3,,,,。,。,,,,,。:(1):,12hm2。()(Eich-horniacrassipes)、(Alternantheraphiloxe-roides),、、、,。12。2:226hm2,7—101.33hm2(Ipomoeaaquatica),[5]。,,(Nymphaeutetragona)、(Myriophyllumverticllatum)、(Potamogetoncrisp-us),2、、、。2,。23。3:32hm2,,,(Typhaangustifolia)、(Scirpustriqueter)、(Phragmitesaustralis)、(Typhaminima)、(Acoruscalamus),、、、。3,,。3。:117hm2,。2:(60hm2,1)(57hm2,2)。1　Table1　IntensivemodeofCarassiusauratusandgrasscarprearing/(g·-1)/(·hm-2)(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)2008250(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)125300010275(Aristichthysnobilis)1256003600(Carassiusauratusgibelio)50525030825(Mylopharyngodonpiceus)30001502　Table2　Intensivemodeofbluntsnoutbreamandsilver-carprearing/(g·-1)/(·hm-2)(Megalobramaamblycephala)4533150(Carassiusauratusgibelio)835850(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix)100270016650(Aristichthysnobilis)25060042001.2　1.0～1.5m。5、6、1015d1,7—97～10d1,。,·84　　　·　　　　　　　　2725～30cm。,20～30mg·L-1,EM。,1～2,、、,、,pH6.8～7.8,ρ()0.5mg·L-1,ρ()0.05mg·L-1,ρ()4.1mg·L-1,。3—5,,,,,“、”,、、、,。1.3　2008,2009,(7、9、10)(、、1、2、3)。2010,5—10、、、a。[6]。:23,,;:、1、2、35,5。2　2.1　2009　　200913。3,80%,9、10GB3838—2002《》[7]Ⅲ(≤1.0mg·L-1);7、91067.83%、86.52%97.61%,Ⅲ(0.2mg·L-1)。,2009,,3,Ⅲ,,“”。2.2　2010201024。5—10,3,98.91%;,81.346mg·L-1,,,1.024mg·L-1。,0.33mg·L-1,60.0103mg·L-1。3,9,99.59%,9。,0.02mg·L-1。3Ⅴ(≤2.0mg·L-1),87.38%。3Ⅲ(≤0.2mg·L-1),10,99.30%。3a,16.10%～91.22%。1　2009Fig.1　Variationoftotalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusinthewaterbodyofthesystemin20093　2009Table3　Totalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusremovingratesafterthreelevelsofpurificationin2009/%7149.4063.04272.1565.22385.0467.839139.1673.48247.8780.43383.5786.5210173.2327.35282.0896.15383.7597.61=(ρ-ρ)/ρ×100%。　3　:·85　　　·2　2010Fig.2　Variationofqualityindicesofthewaterinthesystemin20103　3.1　,,“”。,2,,[5],。、[7]。-,,,[8]。4　2010Table4　Removalratesofvariousqualityindicesofthewa-terinthesystemin2010/%a5133.5337.4746.8260.2269.942-10.4063.5456.6864.0086.18363.6993.1474.6162.1087.026163.4457.85-2.9757.2646.22259.3388.2454.3768.1979.05398.9187.8154.3761.3980.98711.7732.8152.8462.1639.98236.2870.3166.5767.4227.203070.3164.5062.6628.828176.8921.62-22.00-25.0063.17280.3186.4940.8063.7161.05376.0872.9728.3850.0016.1091-4.0482.1466.7974.781.64262.3682.9681.698.7773.07350.8699.5987.386.1487.6110120.1850.25-27.4570.6316.84245.3296.0662.7679.0277.69351.3296.5569.6199.3091.22=(ρ-ρ)/ρ×100%。,。3.2　33,,,:,,,。,,。2,,,[4]。2。2、3·86　　　·　　　　　　　　27,2,。,3,[8]。、、,,、[9-10]。,,。,,、。[10],、,,。,,,[5],。,。3.3　20092010,。,[11]。(2),,。(buffer),,,。,。。,、、[12]。,,。、、[13]。,,,28.38%～87.38%,6.14%～99.30%。,,。,3,3,“”,;,。:[1]　,,,.:[J].,2002,17(3):220-226.[2]　,,.[J].,2000(4):19-20.[3]　.[M].:,2004:7-19.[4]　,,,.[J].,2007,26(5):1898-1904.[5]　,,,.[J].,2010,26(2):155-159.[6]　《》.[M].4.:,2002:200-284.[7]　,,,.[J].,1995,4(1):54-60.[8]　,,,.[J].,2006,26(1):129-133.[9]　,,,.[J].,2009,25(2):107-112.[10],.[J].,1999,8(3):312-319.[11]LIUCH,CHENJC.EffectofAmmoniaontheImmuneResponseofWhi