中考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧(共38张PPT)

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?•Ignore(忽略)themandcontinuereading•Lookthemupinthedictionary•Guessthemeaning猜测词义Guessingthemeaningsofwords词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_____.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean___.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,makesabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人)2.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（词组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise、unlike、ontheotherhand、instead...Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(v.不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitionsinoneday.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.大的)因果关系Withthehelpofconjunctionslike:（原因）because、as、since、for（结果）so、thus、asaresult、therefore、sothat...5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forexample,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具)6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.micro+bus微型公共汽车A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expect7.Context上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.BTomsawanowlinatreelastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astar2）Tomsawanowllastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarTomsawanowlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarAABCAB(n.猫头鹰)3）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairyapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAABC.AC(n.猿)8.Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。Whenadoctorperformsanoperation（手术）onapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim..n麻醉剂(药)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活动(1)Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.购买D.参观4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.爱说话的D.可爱的8.Thosenewcomersdidn'tlikethelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奋的B.愚蠢的C.聪明的D.情报10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚Inquiry-basedActivities(II)探究活动(2)Passage1.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.1.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeedD.anincreaseinspeed•Passage2.Alltheathletestrytobeattheclosingceremony.Theyhaveforgottenalltheirfearsandworries.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhavedonewellornot.Alltheteamswalkroundthestadiumtogether.Everybodyinthevillageclearsupandgetsreadytoleave.Everyoneishuntingforlocalproducts.Peopleexchangetracksuits,hats,runningvestandsoon.Thereisalastchancetotakephotographsandgetaddressesofnewfriends.Theneachteamstartsitsjourneyho