畜禽废水处理技术及其应用进展冷庚

2812009　2　　四　川　环　境SICHUANENVIRONMENT　　Vol.28,No.1February2009·　·:2008-08-25:　(1985-),,,2008,。冷　庚,但德忠(,　610065)　　:针对我国养殖业废水污染日益严重的现状,介绍了畜禽废水还田利用、自然处理以及工业化处理的优缺点、国内外应用现状以及研究的重点,并结合我国的实际情况,提出现阶段我国养殖业废水应重点发展还田利用技术与自然处理技术,并及时建立畜禽废水处理设计数据库以及编写设计规范。　　:;;;;:X703　　　　:A　　　　:1001-3644(2009)01-0068-05TechnologyProgressesofLivestockandPoultryWastewaterTreatmentandtheirApplicationLENGGeng,DANDe-zhong(CollegeofArchitectureEnvitonmentalEngineering,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610065,China)　　Abstract:AimingatthestatusthatthepollutionofwastewaterfromlivestockandpoultryraisingisgoingfrombadtoworseinChina,sometreatmenttechnologiessuchasirrigationtofarmland,naturaltreatmentandindustrializedtreatmentwerereviewed.ConsideringthepracticalsituationinChina,itwassuggestedtocurrentlyprioritizeirrigationtofarmlandandnaturaltreatment.Toestablishdatabasesofdesigninglivestockwastewatertreatmentaswellastocompiledesignspecificationwerealsosuggested.Keywords:Livestockwastewater;wastewatertreatment;landspreading;naturetreatment;industrializedtreatment1　前　言　　,,、,[1,2]。,,,;,,,,[3]。20022003,27.531.90,2.913.2[4,5]。,45,(COD)。、,。N、P,,,;,[6]。,,,,。,、、,,,。,、,、,,,[7]。2　畜禽废水处理技术　　、,,、。DOI:10.14034/j.cnki.schj.2009.01.0072.1　、,,-,,[8],,,;,,,[9]。[10],,4000m2;、,、;,;。,,,,,,,。1/3[1]。,,。,90%;,;2070[11];,,,[6],:3;18;15;900;450。[12]2.5。[13]。Smith[14]、、;Thyselius[15]、、,;Sutton[16],,。,、,,[15]。,、[17],、。[18]3,,112500kg,、、、、36.4%、21.7%、49.7%、16.2%44.2%,1mm1.83kg,22%,15.8%;[19],3100,;[20],,、、43.9km、13.3km、5.2km;,3、。2.2　、、。、、、、、[21]。、。:(1)、、、;(2)、,;(3)、;(4);(5),CH4、、。:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6)[9,22]。、[23]。1000--,200d,;,300d,600m3/hm2;2.5—,COD80%。,、691　　　　　　　:。(NRCS),(BOD5)73kg/hm2·d,12d;EPA[24,25];(GMP),BOD565%,53%,NH+4-N48%,42%,42%[26]。[27],[28]。Lu[29]688m2,,,,COD64.44%,21.78%,23.02%,;,5.86%9.79%。[30],,、。、,。[31]------,。,[32],5～40,30%～35%,2～4cm、、、、,。、、:,50～70cm,∶=1∶0.5～5(),0.5～3cm;1～2m,1～1.25m;,∶=1∶5～8(),0.25～1cm;8～15cm,2～20cm,。,,,。,。,,。,,,、,。2.3　、。、、。:(1);(2);(3)。:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5)。[9]120～150,2～4kw/h,2.0。、、。,,N、P[33]。,,(SBR)、(IDEA)、(CASS)(ICEAS)。Obaja[34](SBR),1500mg/L144mg/L,30℃,SRT=1d,HRT=11d,99.7%97.3%,,,16℃,。,(MembraneBioreactor,MBR)、、、、、[35～37]。[38],(HRT)8h,COD600mg/L,NH+4-N40mg/L,COD、NH+4-N46.6mg/L4.8mg/L,NO-2-NNO-3-N90%,。(AnaerobicFilter)[39]、(ABR)[40]、(UASB)[41]70　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　四川环境28(IC)[42]。,、、-。,,,。[43]120LIC,0.8～2d,3～7kgCOD·m3·d-1,COD、BOD5SS80.3%、95.8%78.5%,1.5～3m3/(m·d)。[44](UBF)、(UASB)(ABR),。10°C,1.9～2.3gCOD/(L·d),0.32～0.51L/(L·d);15°C,2.5～2.6gCOD/(L·d),0.57～0.59L/(L·d);25°C,5.5～5.7gCOD/(L·d),1.93～2.01L/(L·d)。,SS8000mg/LUBFUASB;SSSSABR。,N、P,。,-,[45～47]。,--(Anarwia)[48～50],,,。SBR,、、SBR38.6%、11.8%、16.4%95.9%,Anarwia2784m3,,AnarwiaSBR9.1%,、、。[51]-ABR-CASS-,ABRCASS3.5d8.0h,300m2,,、,、。CODCrBOD599%,98%。—,,1.17/m3,。3　结　语　　,,,、。,,。,、。,,,,,、。:[1]　.[J].,2002,28(3):25-26.[2]　,.[J].,2004,28(1):29-30.[3]　,　,,.[J].,2001,(6):35-36.[4]　　,,　,.[J].,2006,25(2):311-319.[5]　,,,.[J].,2006,26(5):614-617.[6]　.[J].,1996,9(1):48-54.[7]　　.[J].,2002,21(10):597-599.[8]　ChoudharyM,BailryLD,GrantCA.Reviewoftheuseofswinemanureincropproduction:effectonyieldandcompositionandonsoilandwaterquality[J].WasteManagementRe-search,1996,14:581-595.[9]　.[J].,2006,14(2):23-26.[10]　,,.[J].,2003,31(2):192-196.[11]　,,BurtonCH.[J].,1995,11(3):108-113.[12]　LeggBJ.FarmandWaste:UtilizationWithoutPollution[A].AgriculturalandFoodProcessingWaste[C].Chicago:Proceed-ingsofthe6thInternationalSymposiumonAgriculturalandFoodProcessingWaste,1990.159-168.[13]　ShahzadA,IlyasT.Environmentalconsequencesofcattlefeedlotmanureonsalinesoils[J].TheInternationalJournalofEnviron-711　　　　　　　:mentalStudies,2000,57(6):95-112.[14]　SmithJH.OurResponsibilityinAnimalWasteManagement[A].NationalLivestock,PoultryandAquacultureWasteMan-agement[C].Missouri:ProceedingsoftheNationalWorkshop,1991.121-127.[15]　ThyseliusL.ManureHandingSystem-TheTechniquesofTodayandTomorrow[A].AgricultureWasteManagementandEnviron-mentalProtection[C].Braunschweig:Proceedingsofthe4thIn-ternationalCIECSymposium,1988.235-242.[16]　SuttonAL,HuberDM,JonesDD.Strategiesformaximizingthenutrientutilizationofanimalwasteasafertilizerresource[A].AgriculturalandFoodProcessingWaste[C].Chicago:Proceed-ingsofthe6thInternationalSymposiumonAgriculturalandFoodProcessingWaste,1990.139-145.[17]　,,,.[J].,1999,30(1):4-6.[18]　.[J].,2003,10(1):130-132.[19]　,　.[J].,2002,33(5):396-398.[20]　　,,,.[J].(),2004,43():195-199.[21]　　,,,.[J].,2005,15():374-377.[22]　,,　,.[J].,1999,32(6):88-92.[23]　,,,.[J].,2000,19(3):188-191.[24]　USEPA.Guidingprinciplesforconstructedtreatmentwetlands:providingforwaterqualityandwildlifehabit[M].WashingtonDC:USEPA,Officeofwetlands,OceansandWatershed,2000.[25]　USEPA.Subsurfaceflowconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentatechnologyassessment[M].WashingtonDC:USEPA,OfficeofWater,1993.[26]　RobertLKnight,VictorWE,PayneJrB,etal.ConstructedwetlandsforlivestockwastewaterManagement[J].EcologicalEngineering,2000,15:41-55.[27]　,　.[J].,2005,24(6):45-49.[28]　,.[J].,2002,11(1):113-117.[29]　JianboLu,ZhihuiFu,ZhaozhengYin.Performanceofawaterhy-acinth(Eichhorniacrassipes)systeminthetre