大型人工湿地生态可持续性评价

321520128ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol．32No．15Aug．2012http//．ecologica．cn2009ZX07210-0092011GGH216052011-10-312012-06-14*[e-mail]10．5846/stxb201110311630．．201232154803-4810．ZhangYRWangRQZhangJLiuJ．Evaluationofecosystemsustainabilityforlarge-scaleconstructedwetlands．ActaEcologicaSinica201232154803-4810．1223412*1．2501002．2501003．2501004．250100、。、14。、、、、COD0．6862“”0．77320．61900．6492。。。Evaluationofecosystemsustainabilityforlarge-scaleconstructedwetlandsZHANGYiran12WANGRenqing23ZHANGJian4LIUJian12*1InstituteofEnvironmentalResearchShandongUniversityJinan250100China2ShandongProvincialEngineeringandTechnologyResearchCenterforVegetationEcologyJinan250100China3SchoolofLifeSciencesShandongUniversityJinan250100China4SchoolofEnvironmentalScience＆EngineeringShandongUniversityJinan250100ChinaAbstractConstructedwetlandsasanecologicalrestorationtechnologyhavebeenwidelyappliedtodealwiththedegradationofnaturalwetlandsandthepollutionofwaterbodiesandmoreattentionshouldbefocusedonthesystemstabilityandmaintenanceoffunctionsoverthelongterm．AComprehensiveIndexSystemcanbeappliedtoperformanoverallevaluationofanecosystemthroughmanydifferentindicesfromdifferentaspectsandtheAnalyticHierarchyProcessisastructuredtechniquefororganizingandanalyzingcomplexdecisionsparticularlyingroupdecisionmaking．BasedontheComprehensiveIndexSystemandAnalyticHierarchyProcesswepresentedameasuremethodtoevaluatetheeco－sustainabilityoflarge-scaleconstructedwetlandswhichareconstructedforwaterpurificationandoffsettingthedegradationofnaturalwetlands．Theindexsystemcontainsthreecriteriaecologicalstructuresandfunctionswaterpurificationcapabilityandeconomic-socialfunctionsandthenfourteensub-criteriaincludingbiodiversityprimaryproductionresistancetoecologicalinvasionwildlifehabitatsprovisionCODremovalammonianitrogenremovaltotalnitrogenhttp//．ecologica．cnremovaltotalphosphorusremovalsiltationwetlandplantsharvestoperationcostswetlandplantsbenefitsrecreationbenefitsandpublicawarenessofthevalueofthewetlands．Theweightofeachcriterionandsub-criterionisdeterminedbytheresultsofexpertquestionnaires．Fivelevelsincluding“verygood”“good”“average”“bad”and“verybad”areestablishedtodeterminethesustainabilityofconstructedwetlandwiththelistedcontinuityintervals1．0—0．80．8—0．60．6—0．40．4—0．20．2—0．0．Acasestudybasedontheindexsystemwasconductedinafive-stagesurface-flowconstructedwetlandwhichwasbuiltintheXinxueRiverestuarybyNansiLaketoimprovethewaterqualityandtomakeupforthedegradationofriparianwetlands．Thecalculatedresultsoftheweightofeachcriterionandsubcriterionshowedthat“ecologicalstructuresandfunctions”and“waterpurificationcapability”accountfor40．17%and42．94%oftheweightrespectivelywhilebiodiversityammonianitrogenremovalresistancetoecologicalinvasionwildlifehabitatsprovisionandCODremovalarethemainfactorsinthesub-criteriainfluencingthesustainabilityoftheXinxueRiverconstructedwetland．Accordingtotheeco-sustainabilityevaluationtheeco-sustainabilityoftheXinxueRiverconstructedwetlandisata‘good’level0．6862onthewholeandspecificallytheecologicalstructureandfunctions0．7732waterpurificationcapability0．6190andsocial-economicfunctions0．6492areallata‘good’levelalthoughthebiodiversityindexis0．5200whichmeansthebiodiversityoftheXinxueRiverconstructedwetlandisstilllowerthanthatofthenaturalwetlandsurroundingNansiLakewhichalsoreflectstheconflictsbetweenecosystemfunctionsandstructuresinconstructedwetlands．Theindexofbenefitsfromthewetlandplantsisalsoina“bad”levelbecausetheannualbiomassofXinxueRiverconstructedwetlandiskeptinthewetlandaccordingtothelocallawsandregulationsinsteadofbeingdevelopedintocommercialproducts．InconclusionthefurtherimprovementforXinxueRiverconstructedwetlandshouldfocusontheextensionofeconomicandsocialfunctionsdevelopmentofwetlandecotourismshouldbeexploitedandthetechnologicalinnovationsofwetlandplantsprocessingshouldbeenhancedtopromotesustainabledevelopmentofthelocaleconomy．Theindexsystemsuggestedherecanalsobeadoptedtoevaluateothersimilarlarge-scaleconstructedwetlands．KeyWordslarge-scaleconstructedwetlandsAnalyticHierarchyProcessComprehensiveIndexSystemeco-sustainability1-2。34。。、5、、617。、8。9-1011-12。。。。。。408432http//．ecologica．cn11．1RobertF．Doren13。。、14、13141。1Fig．1Systemstructureofconstructedwetlandeco-sustainabilityassessmentindex1Table1Constructedwetlandeco-sustainabilityassessmentindexsystemCriteriaSub-criteriaExpressionEcologicalstructures＆functionsCODCODCODWaterpurificationcapability、Economic-socialfunctions1．2、、、、552。508415http//．ecologica．cn2Table2Ratingsystemofconstructedwetlandeco-sustainabilityassessmentindexCriteriaSub-criteriaLevelsofsustainabilityVerygoodGoodAverageBadVerybad＞40%40%—30%30%—20%20%—10%＜10%Ecologicalstructures＞1．31．3—1．21．2—1．11．1—1．0＜1．0＆functions＞7．07．0—5．05．0—3．03．0—1．0＜1．0＞1510—155—101—5＜115COD＞40%40%—30%30%—20%20%—10%＜10%Waterpurification＞50%50%—40%40%—30%30%—20%＜20%capabilityTN＞50%50%—40%40%—30%30%—20%＜20%TP＞50%50%—40%40%—30%30%—20%＜20%＞80%80%—60%60%—40%40%—20%＜20%0%—5%5%—10%10%—15%15%—20%＞20%Economic-socialfunctions＞5%、