大型藻类在综合海水养殖系统中的生物修复作用毛玉泽

·　·毛玉泽1,2,杨红生2,王如才1(1.,266003;2.,266071):。、,,,、,、。、、、。:;;:X171.4　　:A　　:1005-8737-(2005)02-0225-07:2004-02-13;:2004-08-31.:(G1999012012);;(Q2002D03);.:(1970-),,,,.E-mail:[e-mail]:.E-mail:[e-mail]　　,,,10,FAO(2001),1/3[1]。,205050t[2]。,[3-5]。,、DNA。,,,,。[6-8]。、、,,[9-10]。。2070[11],,[12-17]、[18-21]、[22-25][26-28],,,。,、,pH,。1　1.1　,。、、,,,100%,75%,、60%～75%,70%～75%77%～94%[29]。。12220053　　　　　JournalofFisherySciencesofChinaVol.12No.2March20051.2　　　,[29-30]。,,。Krom[31],,,,,、,,。,,,。。Westerman[32]。(EM),,,。50%～80%,[33-34]。,。,、,,,。,,,,。2　2.1　2080,,。10,、、,、、。,2090,EUMAC,,。[35-37]①。1、。①,.[C].,,2001.1　Tab.1　ApplicationofseaweedasbiofiltersinmarinepolyculturesystemSpeciesCulturemodel/Period/monthSystemReferenceChondrus/Ulva/3-6、Ryther[11]U.lactuca12、Cohen[38]U.lactuca/12、、Shpigel[39]Gracilaria12、Buschmann[40]U.lactuca12、Krom[41]U.lactuca100m312、Neori[42]Kappaphycusalvarezii3-6、Qian[23]Gracilariales/1-3、Troell[16]U.lactuca/12、、Neori[22]Gracilariaopsis/1-3、Alcantara[43]Porphyra/12、Chopin[17]Palmaria3-6、Evans[24]U.lactuca/G.conferta/(3.3m2)12、、Neori[27]Gracilaria6-12、、、Chow[28]G.pavispora1、Nelson[18]G.edulis1、、Jones[19]G.lemaneiformis3-6、[37]P.mollis1、Demetropoulos[25]G.lemaneiformis12、[44]226　　12①,.[C].,,2001.2.2　、。,,,,,。Krom[41]、3N,,,,70%N,,N,NN,N。2.2.1　　,、,C、N、P,。,,,20～800,N、P,0.25%N0.003%P(),1t,2.5kgN0.03kgP,,①。,,,。,48.9kg/(m2·a),50%,90%～95%;,40%,2[45]。2.2.2　　[46-47],。。,,,,,。,,N,。Fujita[48]3(U.lactuca)、(Enteromorphasp.)(G.tikvahiae),,6d、8d14d。,,,NP,NH+4-NNO-3-N,,NH+4-N,NH+4-N。,DO。,,DO,BOD、POC,、、,。2.3　　　、()。,、(),,,,。,,、()DO,pH,;,,,pH,、()、,。,,[49-51],,、、,、、,,,,。2:227　　3　3.1　Ryther[11](Chondrus,Gracilaria,Aqardhiella,Hypnea),,。Cohen[38],1m2(0.6m),1kg/m2,10μmol/(L·h),90%NH+4-N;40μmol/(L·h),40%NH+4-N。Neori[42],、,,DO、pH、NH+4-N、NO-3-N、NO-2-NP。Shpigel[26],、63%,4.3%,。,(NP),,。,NH+4-N,N20%～27%N(39%～47%)[41]。[52],,(G.chilensis)10m150m40%,SGR7%/d,N,N1.9～2.1mmol(N)/g(DW)0.28～0.34mmol(N)/g(DW),,1hm25%27%[16]。Neori[22],、,,,,。,78kg/(m2·a),80%NH3,NH+4-N45%10%,,9.4kg/(m2·a)。3.2　,,,,,26.6%,[53]。(G.parvispora),,(RGRs)4.7%/d,G.parvispora,N,5d3%,C∶N10,,C/N2030,N[18],G.parvispora,,。[20](U.pertusavar)(Penaeuschinensis),N、P,,,。3.3　Qian[23](Kappaphycusalvarezii)(Pinctadamartensi),(),;,,,,。(U.pertusa),,,3h、、70.1%、45.0%31.3%,、[54]。,2070,,,、,[55]。[56],、,,,pH。[44](G.lemaneiformis),228　　12,,,。4　4.1　,,,。、、,。,,。、,,,,。,。,,。4.2　[7,16,27],,,。(Gracillaria),,,,。,,(G.chilensis),[16]。5　5.1　、,、。、、、、、pH。、、、、。。、、,,,,;。5.2　10,。(1),。(2)。(3)。(4)。(5)。:[1]　FAO(FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNa-tions).TheStateofWorldFisheriesandAquaculture2000[M].Rome:FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,2001.[2]　TaconAGJ,ForsterIP.GlobalTrendsandChallengestoAqua-cultureandAquafeedDevelopmentintheNewMillennium[M].InternationalAquaFeedDirectoryandBuyer'sGuide.TurretRAIPLC,Uxbridge,2001.4-24.[3]　BannerHA.KaneohaBay,Hawaii:Urbanpollutionandacoralreefecosystem[A].ProcSecondIntCoralReefSymposium2.GreatBarrierReefVommittee,Brisbane,1974,685-702.[4]　,.[J].,1999(2):44-47.[5]　NaylorRL,GoldburgRJ,PrimaveraJH,etal.Effectofaqua-cultureonworldfishsupplies[J].Nature,2000,405:1017-1024.[6]　.:[J].,2000,23(1):62-65.[7]　BuschmannA,TroellM,KautskyN.Integratedalgalfarming:areview[J].CahBiolMar,2001,42:83-90.2:229　　[8]　ChopinT,BuschmannAH,HallingC,etal.Integratingseaweedsintomarineaquaculturesystems:akeytowardssustainability[J].JPhycol,2001,37:975-986.[9]　McVeyJP,StickneyRR,YarishC,ChopinT.Aquaticpolycul-tureandbalancedecosystemmanagement:newparadigmsinseafoodproduction[A].StickneyRR,McVeyJP(Eds),Re-sponsibleMarineAquaculture[M].Oxon:CABIPublishing,2002.91-104.[10]　RawsonMV,ChenC,JiR,etal.Integrationoffedandextrac-tiveaquaculture[A].PaperCollectionofInternationalSympo-siumonMarineFisheryandAquaticProductsProcessingTech-nology[C].Rongcheng,China,2001.263-278.[11]　RytherJH,GoldmanJC,GiffordCE,etal.Physicalmodelsofintegratedwasterecycling-marinepolyculturesystems[J].Aqua-culture,1975,5:163-177.[12]　VandemeulenH,GordinH.AmmoniumuptakeusingUlva(Chloro-phyta)inintensivefishpondsystems:masscultureandtreatmentofeffluent[J].JApplPhycol,1990,2:363-374.[13]　NeoriA,CohenI,GordinH.Ulvalactucabiofiltersformarinefishpondeffluents:II.Growthrate,yieldandC:Nratio[J].BotMar,1991,34:483-489.[14]　PetrellRJ,AlieSY.Integratedcultivationofsalmonidsandsea-weedsinopensystems[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,326:67-73.[15]　RioMJ,RamazanovZ,Garcia-RejnaG.Ulvafigida(Ulvales,Chorophyta)tankcultureasbiofiltersfordissolvedinorganicni-trogenfromfishpondeffluents[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,326:61-66.[16]　TroellM,HallingC,NilssonA.IntegratedopenseacultivationofGracilariachilensis(Gracilariales,Rhodophyta)andsalmonidsforreducedenvironmentalimpactandincreasedeconomicoutput[J].Aquaculture,1997,156:45-61.[17]　ChopinT,YarishC,WilkesR,etal.DevelopingPorphyra/salmonintegratedaquacultureforbioremediationanddiversificationoftheaquacultureindustry[J].JApplPhycol,1999,11:463-472.[18]　NelsonGS,GlennEP,ConnJ,etal.CultivationofGracilariaparvispora(Rhodophyta)inshrimp-farmeffluentditchesandfloatingcagesinHawaii:atwo-phasepolyculture