地下水三氮污染的研究进展

罗泽娇,靳孟贵(中国地质大学工程学院,武汉430074):,,,,,,,:;;:P6413:A:10003665(2002)04006505Researchprogressofammonia,nitriteandnitratepollutioningrountwaterLUOZejiao,JINMenggui(Chinauniversityofgeosciences,Wuhan430074,China)Abstract:Thispapersummarizesthecurrentsituationofproduction,pollutionanditshazardaboutnitrateN,nitrideNandammoniaNingroundwater.Itmakesanintroductionthecurrentofanalysesmethod,thelawandmodelofnitrogencycle.Andalsoitrefersthepreventionandtreatmenttechnologyofnitrogeningroundwater.Keywords:3N(ammonia,nitriteandnitrate);nitrogencycle;modeling:20011010;:20011214:():(1970),,,,(NH+4N)(NO-2N)(NO-3N),,NO-3N,mgl[1],NO-3N44mgl15N5!(air)[2]NH+4N02mgl,NH+4N3mgl,NO-2N03mgl[3]1,NO-3N[4],,1970NO-3N113mgl,198090mgl,1987142mgl[5]NO-3N20~70mgl,15N10!~20!,NH+4,NH+4[6],NO-2NNO-3NNH+4N,NO-2N,NO-2NNO-3N,[7],[8],70,,NN,∀65∀20024,4[3],,,[9];NO-3N90mgl,25%[10];[11],,2,,,[12,13][14],,,,[15~18],,,[19~21][22,23],,,,;[24],,15N[25~27]3,,,NH+4NNO-2NNO-3N,,,3[28]31(1)NH+4,,NO-3N;(1),pH,;NO-2N,,NO-3N,NH+4N,NH+4N,NO-3N,NO-3N[29,31],,,18m,NO-3530mgl,NH+4520mgl,80m,NO-380mgl,NH+404mgl[32],NH+4100m,NO-3[29~31,33],NH+4N[6,34]1Table1ThemainmicrobeintransformingamongammoniaN,nitriteN,nitrateN,,50%~70%,15~35#,2NH+4+3O22NO-2+2H2O+4H++1582NO-2+O22NO-3+40,pH60~80,,C6H12O6+4NO-36H2O+6CO2+2N2+322∀66∀20024,,,1Fig.1CircleprocessofnitrogeningroundwaterNO-3N,(),,,[35~38],[39],[40],[41],NH+4NNO-3N[42]NO-3N,,[43],,[33]Geng,,,,,[23],,NO-2NNH+4NNO-3N,[21]NO-2NNH+4NNO-3N,,,,,NO-2NNH+4NNO-3N,NH+4NO-3,NH+4NO-3[20],NO-3N,,NO-3N[44],4,2:,,,,;,;,,,,,;,,,,[45],NO-3N[46]NO-3N[47]5,(1),,,,,,∀67∀20024,,NO-2NNO-3N,(2),,,,(3),,,,,,(4),,,,,,,,,:[1],,.[M].:,1993,136-141.[2],.[J].,1999,1:37-41.[3]WorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Environmentallevelsandhumanexposure[I],http::[4],,.[J].,1999,19(4):433-447.[5]HiscockKM,Reviewofnaturalandartificialdenitrificationofgroundwater[J].WaterResearch,1991,25(9):1099-1111.[6],,.∃∃∃[J].,1997,27(4):533-538.[7]Payalsampat.GroundwaterQualityDeteriorating,Vitalsigns2000[J].WorldWatchInstitute,2000:124-125.[8].[J].,1998,19(4):443-448.[9].[J].,1979,3:107-114.[10].[M].:,1991,43-45.[11].[J].,1998,17(1):35-39.[12],,.NO-2[J].,1998,17(6):10-13.[13],,.[J].,1998,17(4):85-88.[14],,.[J].,1999,16(4):421-424.[15],,.[J].,1999,10:154-160.[16],.Smart[J].,2000,2:33-34.[17],.[J].,1999,12():24-27.[18]TheNitrateEliminationCo.,Inc.(NECi)ConsumerNitrateTestKit(CNTK)forHomeandFarm[I].[19],,.[R].,1999,18(5):228-230.[20],,.[J].,1993,20(3):108-115.[21],.[J].,1990,2:13-28.[22],,.NO-3N[J].,1995,32(4):388-398.[23]Q.Z.geng,G.G.Irard,andE.Ledoux,ModelingofNitrogenCycleandNitrateTransferinRegionalHydrogeologicSystems[J].Groundwater,1996,34(2):293-304.[24],,.[J].,1997,8(2):183-187.[25]M.Nkrumah.etal.,Lysimeterandfieldstudiedon15Ninatropicalsoil.%.Transformationof(NH2)2CO15Ninatropicalloaminlysimiterandfieldplots[J].PlantandSoil,1989,114:13-18.∀68∀20024[26],N(15N/14N)[J].,1997,18(2):220-223.[27]M.Z.Lqbal,N.C.Krothe,R.F.Spalding,Nitrogenisotopeindicatorsofseasonalsourcevariabilitytogroundwater[J].EnvironmentGeology.1997,32(3):210-218.[28],,.,:,1990,76-82.[29],,.[J].,2000,7(3):372-379.[30]WangHongqi,ModelingNitrogentranformationandtransportintheunsaturatedzone[C].GroundwaterandEnvironment,SeismologicalPress,1992,508-512.[31]Christensen,T.H..,Bierg,P.L.,Kjeldsen,P.,2000b,Naturalattenuation;afensibleapproachtoremediationofgroundwaterpollutionatlandfill?[J].GWMR,2000,20(1):69-77.[32],,.∃∃∃[M].:,1996,13-15.[33],.[J].,1998,19(3):315-324.[34],,.[J].,2001,20(2):108-110.[35]Frissel.M.J.,G.J.Kolenbrander,I.Shvytov,andU.F.Vasileu.Systematiccomparisonofthemodelsdescribed[A].M.J.FrisselandJ.A.VanVeen,Simulationofnitrogenbehaviorinsoilplantsystems[C].Pudoc,Wageningen,TheNetherlands,1981.[36]Nielsen,D.R.,J.W.Biggar,andP.J.Wierenga.Nitrogentransportprocessesinsoil[A].F.J.Stevenson,Nitrogeninagriculturalsoils[C].Madison,AmericanSocietyofAgronomy,1982.[37]Tanji,K.K.Modelingofthesoilnitrogencycle[A],F.J.Stevenson,NitrogeninAgriculturalsoils[C].Madison,AmericanSocietyofAgronomy,1982:721-722.[38]willigen,P.deandJ.J.Neeteson,Comparisonofsomesimulationmodelsforthenitrogencycleinthesoil[J].FertilizerResearch.1985,8:157-171.[39],,.[A],,[C].:,1994:179-194.[40],.[J].,1997,8(1):49-54.[41],W.M.Blacklow,CHAGAN.[J].,1990,10(2):127-132.[42],,.[J].,2000,37(4):490-498.[43]Lerner,D.N.andK.T.Papatolios.Asimpleanalyticalapproachforpredictingnitrateconcentrationinpumpedgroundwater[J].GroundWater,1993,31(3):370-375.[44],.[J].,1998,2:26-30.[45]GayleB.P.,BoardmanG.D.SherrardJ.H.,Biologicaldenitrificationofwater[J].JournalofEnvironmentalEngineering,1989,115(5):930-943.[46]Foster.S.S.D.,Bridge,L.R.,Greake,A.K.Thegroundwaternitrateproblem.Asummaryofresearchontheimpactofagriculturallandusepracticesongroundwaterqualitybetween1976and1985[R].Br.Geol.Suw.,Hydrogeol.Rep.No.2,1986:95.[47]K.M.Hiscock,T.W.Lloyd,D.N.Lerner.AnengineeringsolutiontothenitrateproblemofaBoreholeatSwaffharm,Norfolk,U.K.[J].Hydrology,J.1988,1