东江淡水河流域地表水和沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价

34920159ENVIＲONMENTALCHEMISTＲYVol．34No．9September20152015127．*2012ZX07206-002-052014ZX07206-005-04No．41401115PM-zx022—201409-014．＊＊[e-mail]10．7524/j．issn．0254-6108．2015．09．2015012703．J．20153491671-1684WANGLiCHENFanMAQianlietal．PollutioncharacteristicsandriskassessmentofheavymetalsinsurfacewaterandsedimentinDanshuiＲiverofDongjiangJ．EnvironmentalChemistry20153491671-1684*112111121＊＊1．5106552．4100047、、、、、Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Pb、Hg．Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、PbHg305．00、151．50、67．50、56．50、28．50、15．00、0．07μg·L－1．Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、PbHg714．00、993．50、289．50、188．50、301．50、118．50、0．43mg·kg－1．CuHgMnCrCu6．．Zn、Ni、Cr、MnPbHgCu．．．．PollutioncharacteristicsandriskassessmentofheavymetalsinsurfacewaterandsedimentinDanshuiＲiverofDongjiangWANGLi1CHENFan12MAQianli1FANZhongya1YAOLing'ai1XUZhencheng1TANWanchun2ZHAOXuemin1＊＊1．SouthChinaInstituteofEnvironmentalSciencesMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionGuangzhou510655China2．SchoolofHydraulicEngineeringChangshaUniversityofScience＆TechnologyChangsha410004ChinaAbstractInordertocomprehensivelyevaluatepollutionlevelofDanshuiＲivertheconcentrationsanddistributioncharacteristicsofsevenheavymetalsMnZnCuNiCrPbandHgwereanalyzed．HeavymetalpollutioninthesedimentsfromDanshuiＲiveranditstributarieswasanalyzedandevaluatedusinggeo-accumulationindexIgeoandpotentialecologicalriskindexＲI．TheresultsindicatedthattheaverageconcentrationsofMnZnCuNiCrPbandHginsurfacewaterwere305．00151．5067．5056．5028．5015．00and0．07μg·L－1respectivelyandwererelativelylow．Theconcentrationsinthedryseasonwereinmostcaseshigherthanthoseinthewetseason．Theiraverageconcentrationsinthesedimentswere714．00993．50289．50188．50167234301．50118．50and0．43mg·kg－1respectively．Copperandmercurywerethemostpollutedmetalsinthesedimentwhilemanganeseandchromiumpollutionlevelswererelativelylow．ExceptCuothersixmetalsinthesedimentdidnotshowmuchseasonalvariation．Buttheconcentrationofcopperinthedryseasonwashigherthanwetseason．TheaveragecontentsofheavymetalsinsurfacewaterandsedimentsofDanshuiＲiverwerehigherthanXizhijiangandDongjiangwithhighpollutionsitesoccurredintheupstreamofDanshuiＲiver．TheprevalentpollutionsourceofZnNiCrMnandPbinthebasinwaselectronicandelectroplatingindustryandpollutionsourceofmercuryandcoppercamefromotherindustries．TheresultsofpotentialecologicalriskindicatedthatthemiddlereachesofDanshuiＲiverhadextremelyhighecologicalhazardXizhijianghadlowecologicalhazardDongjianghadhighecologicalhazardbutthevaluewasclosetothelowerlimit．TheindustrialzoneinuppermiddlereachesandtributariesofDanshuiＲiverwerethemainsourceofpollution．KeywordsDanshuiＲiversurfacewatersedimentheavymetalspollutioncharacteristics．、、1．2．3．4．、、、．1308m295km．、56．、、、、、7．11．120139127S1、S2S3、S4S5S6S71．11．《》7．1000mL－20℃．200．1．2Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、CrPb6PerkinElmerAAnalyst800．10mL5mL．10mL5mL2mL1mL．100mL．0．2%100mL．916731Fig．1Distributionmapofsamplingsites0．5g5．0mL2．0mL1．0mL．5．0mL1∶125mL．AA800．Hg．10mL1gHNO3-HClO41+15mL0．5mL5%HCl1+15mL50mLPF6-2．10%10%．1．3GB3838200289-10、11-12、13-14．．11．1μg·L－1Table1HeavymetalconcentrationlimitinsurfacewaterMnZnCuNiCrPbHgI501010100．05Ⅲ1000100050500．1V20001000100100110020167434215IgeoMullerMuller．16Igeo=log2Cn/kBnIgeoCnnBn．k1．5．Mn95．00mg·kg－1Zn29．00mg·kg－1Cu12．00mg·kg－1Ni9．50mg·kg－1Cr42．30mg·kg－1Pb22．50mg·kg－1Hg0．044mg·kg－117．Igeo72．2IgeoTable2IndexofgeoaccumulationandclassificationofpollutiondegreeIgeoIgeoIgeo≤003＜Igeo≤440＜Igeo≤114＜Igeo≤551＜Igeo≤22Igeo＞562＜Igeo≤333ＲI18Hakanson．．．．．．ＲIＲI=∑miEir=∑miTir×CiCinＲICimg·kg－1Cinmg·kg－1TiriEiri．Eir5ＲI4．、34．3CinTirTable3ＲeferencevaluesandtoxicitycoefficientsofdifferentheavymetalsMnZnCuNiCrPbHgCin/mg·kg－195．0029．0012．009．5042．3022．500．044Tir215525401．4sigmaplot12．5、SPSS21．0ANOVA．916754EirＲITable4ＲelationshipbetweenpotentialecologicalriskcoefficientsEirriskindicesＲIofheavymetalsandpollutiondegreeEirＲIEir＜40ＲI＜15040≤Eir＜80150≤ＲI＜30080≤Eir＜160300≤ＲI＜600160≤Eir＜320ＲI≥600Eir≥32022．12．1．172．Mn、Cu、Pb、Hg110．00—490．00、21．00—121．00、5．00—23．00、0．02—0．19μg·L－1305．00、67．50、15．00、0．07μg·L－1．Zn、NiCr90%、70%60%320．00151．50、107．0056．50、72．1028．50μg·L－1．2、Fig．2ConcentrationdistributionofheavymetalsinsurfacewateroftheDanshuiＲiverZn、Cu、Cr、PbHgⅢⅠ．NiMnⅢ．19-28、、、KorotoaＲiverGuadiamarriver5．5Table5ComparisonsofheavymetalsconcentrationinsurfacewaterbetweentheDanshuiＲiverandothersitesintheworld/μg·L－1MnZnCuNiCrPbHg305．00151．5067．5056．5028．5015．000．07175．008．0016．001．0012．000．03145．0030．008．0017．000．648．500．041．063．611．091．891．690．0819639．01±365．28553．99±657．8015．34±8．5826．24±10．7575．14±48．56203．94—54．812．27—22．170．16—1．750．005—0．18210．4±0．442231．1513．251．718．17W9．3523Suquíariver200661．3012．703．5214．3911．6124167634/μg·L－1MnZnCuNiCrPbHgSuquíariver200945．106．106．197．9312．5124KorotoaＲiver77．0035．578．0031．002520．006．471．680．8626Gomtiriver11．00—32．00ND10．00—17．001．30—5．7010．00—39．0027Guadiamarriver86．70—1000．8013．00—39．9013．10—98．70282．1．2、3．3S1．S2．S3．S4．S5．S6．S7．Fig．3DistributionofheavymetalsduringwetseasonanddryseasoninsurfacewateroftheDanshuiＲiver91677Zn、Cu、Ni、CrHgP＜0．05．．PbMn、．19Cr、Ni、CuMnPbZn．．S2S3．．629．6Table6Emissionfluxestimateofmetalinthewastewa