对强化生物除磷机理与工艺认识误区的剖析

对强化生物除磷机理与工艺认识误区的剖析郝晓地,张向平,曹亚莉(北京建筑工程学院可持续环境生物技术研发中心,北京100044):结合国际上生物除磷机理与工艺的最新进展,分析了目前我国在污水生物除磷工艺研发和运行中存在的一些认识误区基于成熟的生物除磷生化代谢机理,指出反硝化除磷菌(DPB)是一种广泛存在于一些强化生物除磷(EBPR)工艺中的聚磷菌(PAOs),无需特殊培养;对于市政污水,EBPR工艺中出现的聚糖原菌(GAOs)一般不会成为聚磷菌(PAOs/DPB)的竞争者而严重影响系统的除磷功能针对强化生物除磷工艺的认识误区,指出污泥龄(SRT)是设计的关键参数,在最不利细菌生长的冬季,控制SRT12d即可使EBPR保持较好的硝化与脱氮除磷效果;在污水生物处理除磷工艺选择上,/厌氧池+氧化沟0只是污水处理升级而演变出的一种被动型工艺,并非最佳的EBPR工艺选择;此外倒置A2/O工艺由于忽略了聚磷菌所需的进水碳源及DPB的作用,并不一定能改进EBPR的生物除磷效果:强化生物除磷;聚磷菌;反硝化除磷菌;聚糖原菌;污泥停留时间;氧化沟;倒置A2/O工艺:X703.1:B:1000-4602(2008)06-0001-05:/0(BJE10016200611);(863)(2006AA06Z320)MisunderstandinginMechanismsandProcessesofEnhancedBiologicalPhosphorusRemovalHAOXiao-d,iZHANGXiang-ping,CAOYa-li(R&DCentreforSustainableEnvironmentalBiotechnology,BeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:Combinedwiththeinternationalupdatedprogressinmechanismsandprocessesofbio-logicalphosphorusremova,lsomemisunderstandingsindevelopmentandoperationofprocessesofbiolog-icalphosphorusremovalfromwastewaterinChinawereanalyzed.Basedonthematurebiochemicalmeta-bolicmechanismsofbiologicalphosphorusremova,litispointedoutthatdenitrifyingphosphorusremo-vingbacteria(DPB)areatypeofPAOswhichexistextensivelyinsomeenhancedbiologicalphosphorusremoval(EBPR)processes,withoutbeingculturedspecially.Glycogen-accumulatingorganisms(GAOs)arealmostimpossibletohavesuperiorityoverPAOswithmunicipalwastewaterbeinganinflu-en.tThekeyparameterfortheprocessdesignofEBPRisSRT.WhenSRTiscontrolledatmorethan12dinwinterunfavorableforbacteriagrowth,theEBPRprocessescanhavebetternitrificationanddenitrif-icationphosphorusremovaleffec.tAnaerobictankplusoxidationditchisanoutcomeofupgradingof#1#第24卷第6期2008年3月中国给水排水CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERVo.l24No.6Mar.2008WWTPandisnotanoptimalEBPRprocess.ReversedA2/OprocessmaynotimproveEBPReffectduetonegligenceofinfluentcarbonsourceandDPBfunction.Keywords:EBPR;PAOs;DPB;GAOs;SRT;oxidationditch;reversedA2/Oprocess,,,,,,(BNR),(EBPR),,,,,1强化生物除磷机理的认识误区,(DPB)(GAOs)(PAOs),,111DPBDPB,,DPB,DPBPAOs,DPB,DPBSBR(UCTA2/O),PAOs[1],DPBEBPR)))BCFS[2]112GAOsEBPR,(NO-3),EBPRPAOs(GAOs)GAOsPAOs,PHA,PHAGAOsPHA,EBPRGAOs[3],EBPRGAOsPAOs:¹COD/P,COD/PGAOsPAOs,COD/P50GAOs[4],COD/P(10~20)PAOsºEBPR,EBPR,PAOs[56]OehmenA,GAOsPAOs,GAOsPAOs;VFA,[7]VFA()GAOsPAOs,PAOs[89],EBPR,GAOs[10],MinoTPHA,poly-P,GAOs[4]KongYHPAOs,[11],PAOs,#2#第24卷第6期中国给水排水»pH,pHPAOs,pHEBPRpH8VFA/[1213];pH,()[14]¼,PAOs[15],30eEBPRGAOs,GAOsVFAPAOs[16]½SRTDONO-2,PAOs;DO4.5~5.0mg/LGAOs,DO2.5~3.0mg/LPAOs;SBR,DO0.5mg/LPAOs[17~19]SaitoT,NO-2GAOs,,PAOs[20],COD/P(COD)pHSRTDONO-2,GAOs,COD/P20(COD)10~25epH7~8,EBPRSRT15dDO1~2mg/L,NO-2,GAOs,EBPR,GAOs2强化生物除磷工艺的认识误区211EBPREBPR,,,EBPR,SRT,SRT(Lmax),1LmaxSRTmin[21]1LmaxSRTminTab.1ComparisonofLmaxandSRTminamongthreebacteriaLmax/d-1SRTmin/d10e20e10e20e0.351.002.861.000.671.001.491.003.006.000.330.17,(T\10e),SRT3d,2SRTminSRTHAOXDBCFSPAOsSRT,1[22]1BCFSSRTminFig.1SimulatedrelationshipbetweenSRTminandtemperatureinBCFSprocess,10e,PAOsSRT1d;5~6dSRTPAOs;SRT10~12d;(T[7e),PAOsSRTmin,,EBPRSRT,PAOs,SRT12d,EBPR212PAOs/DPB,/y/0,PAOs/DPB,[23]#3#郝晓地,等:对强化生物除磷机理与工艺认识误区的剖析第24卷第6期213+,/+0,,,(SRT\30d),,[24~26],/+0,A2/OUCT,UCT)))BCFS214A2/OA2/OUCTEBPR,yy,DPB,DPBDPB,,DPB,(),A2/O(2):¹A2/O();º(NO-3)DPB,A2/ODPB;,NO-3,(VFA)(),VFA,PAOsVFA,PAOs,(22),,PAOs/DPB,(),2A2/OFig.2SchematicrepresentationofreversedA2/Oprocess3结语¹A2/OUCT,/,DPB,º,,GAOs,EBPR»EBPRSRT,PAOs,SRT12d,EBPR¼,yy,½/+0,,¾A2/O,,)))(VFA)(PAOs/DPB):[1]KubaT,SmoldersG,vanLoosdrechtMCM,etal.Bio-logicalphosphorusremovalfromwastewaterbyanaero-bic-anoxicsequencingbatchreactor[J].WaterSciTechno,l1993,27(5-6):241-252.[2],,vanLoosdrechtMCM.BCFS[J].,2002,28(9):5-8.[3]OehmenA,LemosPC,CarvalhoG,etal.Advancesin#4#第24卷第6期中国给水排水[J].WaterRes,2007,41(11):2271-2300.[4]MinoT,vanLoosdrechtMCM,HeijnenJJ.Microbiolo-gyandbiochemistryoftheenhancedbiologicalphosphateremovalprocess[J].WaterRes,1998,32(11):3193-3207.[5]OehmenA,TeresaVM,LuH,etal.TheeffectofpHonthecompetitionbetweenpolyphosphateaccumulatingor-ganismsandglycogenaccumulatingorganisms[J].WaterRes,2005,39(15):3727-3737.[6]OehmenA,SaundersAM,VivesMT,etal.Competitionbetweenpolyphosphateandglycogenaccumulatingorgan-ismsinenhancedbiologicalphosphorusremovalsystemswithacetateandpropionateascarbonsources[J].Bio-techno,l2006,123(1):22-32.[7]OehmenA,YuanZ,BlackallLL,etal.Shorttermeffectsofcarbonsourceonthecompetitionofpolyphos-phateaccumulatingorganismsandglycogenaccumulatingorganisms[J].WaterSciTechno,l2004,50(10):139-144.[8]CanizaresP,DeLucasA,RodriguezL,etal.Anaerobicuptakeofdifferentorganicsubstratesbyenhancedbio-logicalphosphorusremovalsludge[J].EnvironTechn-o,l2000,21(4):397-405.[9]SudianaIM,MinoT,SatohH,etal.Metabolismofen-hancedbiologicalphosphorusremovalandnon-enhancedbiologicalphosphorusremovalsludgewithacetateandglucoseascarbonsource[J].WaterSciTechno,l1999,39(6):29-35.[10]TsaiCS,LiuWT.Phylogeneticandphysiologicaldiver-sityoftetrad-formingorganismsindeterioratedbiologicalphosphorusr