废水脱氮技术研究进展王耀龙

　　　201028废水脱氮技术研究进展＊王耀龙1　魏云霞1　李晓丽1　贾小宁1　李彦锋1.2(1.,　730000;2.,,　730000)　:阐述了氮化合物污染的现状及水体中氮化合物的危害。通过比较,总结各种脱氮方法的优缺点,并明确指出了在选择处理技术时应重点考虑的因素。重点分析几种生物法脱氮技术的原理及技术特点,并对将来的研究方向进行展望。:废水处理;生物脱氮;同步硝化反硝化;氨氧化RESEARCHONNITROGENREMOVALTECHNIQUEOFWASTEWATERWangYaolong　WeiYunxia　LiXiaoli　JiaXiaoning　LiYanfeng(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,LanzhouUniversity,Lanzhou　730000,China;2.CollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,InstituteofBiochemicalEngineering&EnvironmentalTechnology,LanzhouUniversity,Lanzou　730000,China)Abstract:Itwasdescribedthestatusofpollutionofnitrogencompoundsandthehazardsofthenitrogencom-poundsinwastewater.Bycomparison,itwassummeduptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthevariousre-movalmethods,andclearlypointedoutthekeyfactorswhichshouldbetakenintoaccountinthechoiceoftreatmenttechnology.Itwasalsoanalyzedseveralbiologicalnitrogenremovaltechnologiesandthetechnicalcharacteristics,anddiscussedthefutureresearchdirections.Keywords:Wastewatertreatment;biologicalnitrogenremoval;simultaneousnitrificationanddenitrification;ammoniaoxidation＊“”(2006BRD01B03)(2GS064-A52-036-02)。0　,,。,、56%[1]。2003,460.0t,212.4t,40.4t;247.6t,89.3t[2]。,,、,。:①,;②,;③[3-7];④,,[8];⑤,,;⑥[9]。,,。1　1.1　吹脱法。,,NH3,。,NH3-N,NH3-N。1.2　吸附法,。,。、、、。119DOI:10.13205/j.hjgc.2010.s1.035　　　2010281.3　湿式催化氧化法、,,CO2、H2ON2,。1.4　膜分离法,,,。,。1.5　折点加氯法,,,;,,,。:2NH4++3HOCl=N2+3Cl-+3H2O+5H+1.5NaOCl+NH4+※0.5N2+1.5NaCl+1.5H2O+H+1.6　化学沉淀法,,,。,Mg2+PO43-。1.7　催化反硝化,,。、、。1,。1　[10-15],,。,,。,,、、。,,。,。,。,,,。、、、、。,,,。,。,,。,。,。,。,、、、、、、。、、,,。,,,。,pH。,,,。,,,。、、、、。,、,。,,,。。2　2.1　传统生物脱氮技术。,()();()()。,。,,,,,。120　　　201028[16],(),,[17]。:①,,;②,;③,;④,,,,,。2.2　同步硝化反硝化法[18-19](SND),,3。[20]:,,,、,。[21]:,,。:,。[22]。,,。,,。[23-24],、[25]。KlangduenPochana[26]SND,SND50～110μm。A.D.Andreadakis[27]SND10～70μm。,,[28](SBR),,:DO0.5～2.5mg/L,TNDO;DO0.5mg/L,TN,93.74%。,[29],。。,CODNH4+-N338mg/L75mg/L,HRT14h,13.6kPa,COD、NH4+-NTN82.5%、95.1%84.2%。Hyungseok[30]-。72min,48min,24min,90%。、、、,,,。,,。2.3　短程硝化反硝化法NO2-,NO2-NO3-,[30]。,,。,,。25%40%,50%[31-33]。Wyffels[34],(0.1g/m3)、(7～54g/L)(35℃),,,。,,。W.Verstraete[35],。50mg/(L·d)。Ruiz[36],。:DO5.7mg/L1.7mg/L,;DO1.4mg/L,;DO0.7mg/L,,98%;DO0.5mg/L,,。,,,,,,121　　　201028,。:,。2.4　厌氧氨氧化法(ANAMMOX),Deft,,NH4+,NO2-NO3-,NH4+、NO2-NO3-N2[37]。,ANAMMOX,,,,62.5%[38],,90%,。,11d,[39]。,,[40]ANAMMOX。,、、、。,,1.32kg/(m·d)。,,[41]ANAMMOX,,ANAMMOX,。ANAMMOX。,,100～200d,,。,ANAMMOX,,。,ANAM-MOX,,[42]。,,,,ANAMMOX。。2.5　电极生物膜法。,,,,OH-,pH,,[43]。[44],。,,,---[45]。,,。,、。[46]--。,,。:m(C)/m(N)2.2～2.9(),98%,0.1mg/L。,,[44],,、、pH。:pH=7,I=20mA,m(C)/m(N)=3.0,,7.89mg/(g·h)。、,。,、、、,,。,。,-。3　,,。,,。,,、、、。,。,。,122　　　201028,,。。[1].[J].,2003,5(4):90-93.[2],,.[J].,2006(2):25-28.[3],,.[J].,2007,29(1):68-71.[4].[J].,2002,23(1):26-28.[5].SBR[D].:,2007.[6].[D].:,2008.[7].[C].,1996,6:40-41.[8]FelekeZ,SakakibaraY.Abio-electrochemicalreactorcoupledwithadsorberfortheremovalofnitrateandinhibitorypesticide[J].Wa-terRes,2002,36:3092-3102.[9]BarberWP,StuckeyDC.Nitrogenremovalinamodifiedanaerobicbaffledreactor(ABR):1,denitrification[J].WaterRes,2000,34(9):2413-2422.[10],,.[J].,2008(3):41-44.[11],,.[J].(),2008,11(3):90-93.[12],.[J].,2007,27(4):54-60.[13],.[J].,2006,32(11):7-9.[14],,.[J].,2002,10(2):59-62.[15].[J].,2009,37(6):42-44.[16],,.[J].,2000,17(2):17-20.[17],,.[J].,2009,16(3):41-44.[18]ElisabethVMunch,PaulLant,JurgKeller.Simultaneousnitrifi-cationanddenitrificationinbench-scalesequencingbatchreactors[J].WaterRes,1996,33(6):277-284.[19]KlangduenPochana,JurgKeller.Studyoffactorsaffectingsimul-taneousnitrificationanddenitrification(SND)[J].WaterRes,1999,39(6):61-68.[20],.[J].,2008,26(2):345-350.[21].[M].:,2006:27-85.[22],.[J].,2006,14(5):22-29.[23],,.MBR[J].,2001,22(7):51-55.[24],,.DOHRTMBR[J].,2007,39(6):888-890.[25],,.C/NMBR[J].,2009,3(3):400-404.[26]KlangduenPochana,JurgKeller.Studyoffactorsaffectingsimul-taneousnitrificationanddenitrification(SND)[J].WaterRes,1999,39(6):61-68.[27]Andreadakis,ADPhysicalandchemicalpropertiesofactivatedsludgeflocs[J].WaterRes,1993,27(12):1707-1714.[28],,.(SND)[J].(),2007,6(1):70-74.[29],,.[J].,2009,30(2):416-420.[30]HyungseokYoo,Kyu-HongAhn.Nitrogenremovalfromsynthet-icwastewaterbysimultaneousnitrificationanddenitrification(SND)vianitriteinanintermittently-aeratedreactor[J].WaterRes,1999,33(1):145-154.[31]PolliceA,TandoiV,LestingiC.Influenceofaerationandsludgeretentiontimeonammoniumoxidationtonitriteandnitrate[J].WaterRes,2002,36(10):2541-2546.[32],.[J].(),2008,22(3):61-64.[33],.[J].,2005,15(12):132-133.[34]StijnWyffels,PascalBoeckx,KrisPynaert.Sustainednitriteaccu-mulationinamembraneassistedbioreactor(MBR)forthetreat-mentofammoniumrichwastewater[J].JournalofChemistryTechnologyBiotechnology,2003,78(4):412-419.[35],,.[J].,2006,35(9):527-530.[36]RuizG,JeisonD,ChamyR.Nitrificationwithhighnitriteaccu-mulationfortreatmentofwastewaterwithhighammoniaconcen-tration[J].WaterRes,2003,37(6):1371-1377.[37]StrousM,VanGervenE,ZhengP.Ammoniumremovalfromconcentratedwastestreamswiththeanaerobicammoniumoxida-tion(Anammox)processindifferentreactorconfigurations[J].WaterRes,1997,31:1955-1962.[38],,.-(ANAM-MOX)[J].,2009,34(4):98-105.