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目录I裸子植物Gymnospermae1.苏铁科Cycadaceae*(1)苏铁Cycasrevoluta2.银杏科Ginkgoaceae*(2)银杏Ginkgobiloba3.罗汉松科Podocarpaceae*(3)罗汉松Podocarpusmacrophyllus4.松科Pinaceae*(1)雪松Cedrusdeodara(2)黑松Pinusthunbergii(3)日本五针松Pinusparviflora5.杉科Taxodiaceae*(1)水杉Metasequoiaglyptostroboides6.柏科Cupressaceae*(1)圆柏Sabinachinensis(2)侧柏PlatycladusorientalisⅡ.被子植物Angiopermae一、双子叶植物Dicotyledoneae7.杨柳科Salicaceae*(1)垂柳Salixbabylonica(2)响叶杨Populusadenopoda8.杨梅科Myricaceae(1)杨梅Myricarubra9.胡桃科Juglandaceae*(1)枫杨Pterocaryastenoptera10.榆科Ulmaceae*(1)榆Ulmuspumila(2)榔榆Ulmusparvifolia(3)朴Celtistetrandrasubsp.sinensis11.桑科Moraceae*(1)构树Broussonetiapapyrifera(2)桑Morusalba(3)葎草Humulusscandens12.马齿苋科Portulacaceae(1)马齿苋Portulacaoleracea13.睡莲科Nymphaeaceae*(1)莲Nelumbonucifera14.毛莨科Ranunculaceae*(1)芍药Paeonialactiflora15.小檗科Berberidaceae*(1)小檗Berberisthunbergii*(2)南天竹Nandinadomestica(3)阔叶十大功劳Mahoniabealei16.木兰科Magnoliaceae*(1)玉兰Magnoliadenudata*(2)广玉兰Magnoliagrandiflora(3)鹅掌楸Liriodendronchinense(4)含笑Micheliafigo17.蜡梅科Calycanthaceae*(1)蜡梅Chimonanthuspraecox18.樟科Lauraceae*(1)樟Cinnamomumcamphora19.海桐科Pittosporaceae*(1)海桐Pittosporumtobira20.金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae(1)蚊母树Distyliumracemosum(2)红花檵木Loropetalumchinensisvar.rubrum21.悬铃木科Platanaceae*(1)悬铃木Platanusacerifolia22.蔷薇科Rosaceae(1)枇杷Eriobotryajaponica*(2)贴梗海棠Chaenomelesspeciosa(3)石楠Photiniaserrulata*(4)红叶李Prunuscerasiferacv.Artropurpurea*(5)梅Prunusmume*(6)日本晚樱Cerasusserrulatavar.lannesiana*(7)月季花Rosachinensis(8)麻叶绣线菊Spiraeacantoniensis23.豆科Leguminosae*(1)合欢Albiziajulibrissin*(2)紫荆Cercischinensis(3)刺槐Robiniapseudoacacia(4)含羞草Mimosapudica*(5)紫藤Wisteriasinensis(6)白三叶草Trifoliumrepens24.芸香科Rutaceae(1)桔Citusdeliciosa25.苦木科Simarubaceae(1)臭椿Ailanthusaltissima26.楝科Meliaceae(1)楝Meliaazedarach27.大戟科Euphorbiaceae(1)一品红Euphorbiapulcherrima28.黄杨科Buxaceae*(1)黄杨Buxussinica29.卫矛科Celastraceae*(1)冬青卫矛Euonymusjaponicus30.冬青科Aquifoliaceae*(1)枸骨Ilexcornuta31.槭树科Aceraceae*(1)鸡爪槭Acerpalmatum32.葡萄科Vitaceae*(1)爬山虎Parthenocissustricuspidata(2)葡萄Vitisvinifera33.锦葵科Malvaceae*(1)木芙蓉Hibiscusmutabilis(2)蜀葵Althaearosea(3)木槿Hibisussyriacus34.梧桐科Sterculiaceae*(1)梧桐Firmianasimplex35.山茶科Theaceae(1)山茶Camelliajaponica36.藤黄科Guttiferae(1)金丝桃Hypericummonogynum37.瑞香科Thymelaeaceae(1)结香Edgeworthiachrysantha38.胡颓子科Elaeagnaceae(1)胡颓子Elaeagnuspungens39.千屈菜科Lythraceae*(1)紫薇Lagerstroemiaindica40.石榴科Punicaceae*(1)石榴Punicagranatum41.五加科Araliaceae*(1)八角金盘Fatsiajaponica(2)常春藤Hederahelix42.山茱萸科Cornaceae*(1)花叶青木Aucubajaponicacv.Variegata.43.杜鹃花科Ericaceae*(1)杜鹃Rhododendron×hybridum44.木犀科Oleaceae*(1)木犀Osmanthusfragrans*(2)女贞Ligustrumlucidum(3)丁香Syringaoblata(4)云南黄馨Jasminummesnyi(5)迎春花Jasminumnudiflorum(6)金叶女贞Ligustrumsinensevar.vicaryi45.夹竹桃科Apocynaceae*(1)夹竹桃Neriumindicum46.玄参科Scrophulariaceae*(1)泡桐Paulowniafortunei47.紫葳科Bignoniaceae(1)凌霄Campsisgrandiflora48.茜草科Rubiaceae(1)栀子Gardeniajasminoides49.忍冬科Caprifoliaceae*(1)珊瑚树Viburnumodoratissimum(2)绣球荚蒾Viburnummacrocephalum(3)忍冬Lonicerajaponica50.菊科Compositae*(1)菊花Dendranthemamorifolium(2)马兰Kalimerisindica(3)蒲公英Taraxacummongolicum二、单子叶植物Monocotyledoneae51.禾本科Gramineae(1)孝顺竹Bambusamultiplex52.棕榈科Palmae*(1)棕榈Trachycarpusfortunei53.天南星科Araceae(1)石昌蒲Acorusgramineus54.久雨花科Pontederiaceae*(1)凤眼莲Eichhorniacrassipes55.百合科Liliaceae(1)文竹Asparagussetaceus(2)沿阶草Ophiopogonjaponicus(3)吊兰Chlorophytumcomosum56.石蒜科Amaryllidaceae(1)水仙Narcissustazettavar.chinensis57.龙舌兰科Agavaceae*(1)凤尾兰Yuccagloriosa58.鸢尾科Iridaceae(1)鸢尾Iristectorum59.兰科Orchidaceae*(1)春兰Cymbidiumgoeringii苏铁常绿乔木。雌雄异株。单性花生于茎顶,雄花序圆柱形,雌花序半球状。叶大型,羽状分裂;螺旋状密集茎顶。银杏落叶乔木。枝有长枝和短枝。叶扇形,常二裂,系孑遗植物。银杏的种子罗汉松常绿乔木。叶螺旋着生,条状披针形。种子卵圆形核果状,下部有肥厚肉质种托;种托熟时由绿转红再变紫黑色,似罗汉披袈裟,故名。罗汉松的种子雪松常绿乔木,树冠塔型。为著名观赏植物。雪松的枝条雪松的小孢子叶球黑松常绿乔木,冬芽银白色,针叶粗硬,两针一束。黑松的枝条和球果日本五针松常绿乔木,冬芽褐色,针叶短,五针一束。日本五针松的枝条和球果水杉的枝条野生水杉是我国I级保护植物。落叶乔木,侧生小枝常与叶一同脱落,叶对生,在小枝上排成两列。圆柏常绿乔木。叶有鳞形及刺形两种。圆柏的枝条侧柏常绿乔木,大枝直展或斜升,小枝排成一平面。垂柳落叶乔木。小枝细长下垂。叶互生,披针形。早春先叶开花。雌雄异株。柔荑花序。蒴果种子小,有白色丝状长毛,俗名“柳絮”。垂柳的枝条响叶杨落叶乔木。叶卵形,叶柄扁,叶柄顶端有1对显著的腺体。响叶杨的枝条杨梅常绿乔木。小枝较粗,幼枝皮孔明显。叶背有金黄色腺点。果球形,有深红、紫红、白等色。杨梅的果实杨梅叶片背面的金色腺点枫杨落叶乔木。裸芽,密被锈褐色毛。羽状复叶,叶轴有翅。柔荑花序下垂,无花被。果具有椭圆形斜长的翅,似元宝。枫杨的果枝(翅果)榆落叶乔木。树皮纵条状开裂。花于春季先叶开放。榔榆落叶乔木。树皮成不规则鳞片状脱落。花于秋季开放。翅果椭圆形、球形。榔榆的果枝(翅果)朴落叶乔木。叶有基出三出脉,两侧不等。核果球形。朴的枝条朴的果枝构树落叶乔木。树体富含乳汁,小枝红褐色,密生白色绒毛。叶幼时常3~5深裂,边缘有粗齿,下面密被柔毛。雌雄异株,雄柔荑花序下垂,雌花序球形。构树的叶构树的果实桑落叶乔木。叶卵形,有锯齿。树体富含乳浆。果实为聚花果,名“桑椹”。桑的果枝葎草缠绕草本,茎、枝和叶柄有倒生皮刺,掌状复叶。是一种恶性杂草律草的叶马齿苋肉质草本,茎带紫色,花黄色,中午开放最盛。是常见杂草,也有栽培。马齿苋的花莲水生,叶盾状,近圆形。莲的叶莲的花苞莲藕莲蓬芍药多年生草本。二回三出复叶,小叶常3-5裂。常与牡丹混种。芍药的花小檗落叶灌木。幼枝紫红色,老枝灰棕色,有槽,刺单生,不分叉,与枝条同色。小檗各种叶小檗的花枝小檗的花南天竹常绿灌木。茎少分枝。二至三回羽状复叶,基部具有膨大成鞘状的总叶柄。浆果球形,鲜红色,经冬不落。南天竹的果枝阔叶十大功劳常绿灌木,一回羽状复叶,小叶对生,小叶宽2.5-4.5厘米,有刺状锐齿。阔叶十大功劳的枝条玉兰落叶乔木。早春先叶开花,花大型,花被9枚,白色,芳香。果实呈球果状。上海市市花。玉兰的枝条玉兰的花枝玉兰的果枝广玉兰常绿乔木。叶厚革质,上面光亮,下面被暗黄色毛。花大型、白色、芳香。广玉兰的枝条广玉兰的果枝鹅掌楸落叶乔木。单叶互生,马褂形,两边通常具一宽裂片,叶柄长。花常生枝顶,黄绿色大而美丽。鹅掌楸的叶含笑常绿灌木。叶革质,花常不满开,象牙黄色,有香蕉味。含笑的花蜡梅落叶灌木。叶对生,椭圆状卵形。先叶开花,芳香,花被多片,外部黄色,内部紫褐色。瘦果生于壶状花托内。蜡梅的花枝蜡梅的各种花腊梅的果枝樟常绿乔木。叶薄革质,上面深绿色,有光泽,下面青白色,具离基3出脉,脉腋有腺体,揉搓可闻到特殊芳香。花小型,黄绿色。核果小,球形,紫黑色。樟的叶—离基三出脉海桐常绿灌木。根有臭味。叶面深绿色,有光泽,叶背面淡绿色。花白色或淡淡绿色,芳香。蒴果卵形,成熟时三瓣
本文标题:校园常见植物
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