改性硅藻土吸附废水中氨氮和重金属铬的研究

重庆大学硕士学位论文改性硅藻土吸附废水中氨氮和重金属（铬）的研究姓名：罗智文申请学位级别：硕士专业：环境工程指导教师：杨幸20060501ICr3+pHpH10%30%Cr3+90%Cr3+FreundlichCr3+IIAbstractTheammonia-nitrogenisthemainformofnitrogeninwater,istheimportantpollutionmaterialleadingtorichnourishmentofwaterandpollutionoftheenvironment,enterthebodyofwaterandcancausetheanoxia,stiruptheharmfullivingthingsofwater,causethefishbepoisoned.Inaddition,whenusingthechlorinetodisinfectwater,theammonia-nitrogenreactswithchlorine,thenchloraminesiscreated,lowerthedisinfectionefficiencyofthechlorineobviously,increasethedemandofthechlorineconsumedly.Theammoniachangestonitricacid,thefurtherconversionofnitrateisnitrosaminewhichhasseriousfunctionforthehumanbeings,threatenningthemankind'shealthdirectly.Butthechromeisoneoftheimportantmicroelementthatlifemusthave,thetoxicityofthechromehassomethingtodowithvalence,Cr6+isacarcinogenwithstrongtoxicity,waseasilyabsorbedbythehumanbodyandstoredinit,itisalsooneofthemainfactorsthatcancauselungcancer,therefore,thecontrolsofwaterpollutionwhichcontainsthechromeandammonia-nitrogenhavealreadybecomethemostimportanttaskoftheenvironmentworkersnowadays.Thediatomiteisthebiologicquartzitethatbeconstitutebythediatomandthesiliconqualityremainsoftheothermicroorganisms,havingthehugeratiosurfaceareaandstrongsurfaceadsorption.Asakindofnewflocculant,thediatomitehasextensivesources,goodeffectionoftreatingsewageandsimpleequipmentforsubsequentsludgedisposal,soithasagreatfutureforapplication.Thearticlestudiestheadsorptioncharacteristicandthemechanismsofmodifieddiatomitewhichadsorbstheammonia-nitrogenandtheheavymetals(Cr3+)fromthewastewater(theartificialprepare),usinginorganicflocculant,thehighmoleculeorganicofflocculant(Polyscrylamide)andzeolitetochangethecharacteristicofdiatomite,afterthat,usingmodifieddiatomitetodealwithammonia-nitrogenwastewater.Theexperimentindicatedthatcategoryanddosageofflocculant,diatomitedosage,blendtimeandspeed,thetemperatureofadsorption,thepHvalueofaqua,thebeginningconcentrationofammonia-nitrogenabouttheaqua,etc.aremainfactorsthataffecttheadsorptioncharacteristicofdiatomitetoadsorbtheammonia-nitrogen.Withincertainscope,addsthequantityofdiatomite,prolongsadsorptiontimeandincreasesadsorptiontemperature,advancesthepHvaluecanimprovetheadsorptioneffectofammonia-nitrogen.Butastheincrementofthebeginningconcentrationofammonia-nitrogen,theadsorptionratedescends.Changingthecharacteristicofdiatomitecanraisetheabilityofdiatomitetoadsorbammonia-nitrogen,theadsorptionrateraisedfrom10%to30%above.AsfortheCr3+,itdoesnotneedtochangethecharacteristicofdiatomite,theratecanattain90%.Besides,themodelofdiatomiteadsorbingCr3+matchestheFreundlichadsorptionisothermswell.Keywordsmodified,diatomite,ammonia-nitrogen,heavymetals(Cr3+),adsorb1111.11.1.1[1]6.2m32.8m3622%2500m31/41092030161760m3131/61/2560040013060m31600m312001.1.22000GB3838-8870011.4km4.9%24.0%29.8%16.1%8.1%17.1%121.21.2.1[2][3]0.02mg/l0.20.5mg/l1.2.21234131.2.31313967120.2mg/l1.1RedtideorBloom1933197946121990199451391.1Table1.1thenutritionresultofthelakesandreservoirsinchina955676.9041.9051.20km25477.8016525.7011029.9016.6050.033.410171225.6043.6030.80105m337.36546.1073.945.7083.1011.201.3[4][5]14CODBOD5/COD0.3COD802004708201070%2000200090751.4NH3NH4+NH3NH4+pHpH7NH4+pH11NH3151.5l231234561.5.1[7]pH[8]pH1%pH11NH3-N[9]ACpH117010002h97%1000019000mg/l570mg/l[10]400700mg/lpH1190%16[11]NH3-NNH3-NNH3-N17%164%NH3-N300mg/l[12]90%1%1.5.2[13]ZNa++NH4+→ZNH4++Na+ZNH4++Na+→ZNa++NH4+Z[14]17NaClNaCl0.8mol/l90%NaCl[15]NH4+pH=712.96mg/gpH50mg/l[16]13.3mg/g90.87%0.1391.667ml/s97%2.5mg/g0.5mol/l10pH=48pH4H+NH4+pH8NH4+NH31020mg/l1mg/l500mg/l1.5.3NH4++1.5HOCl-→0.5N2+1.5H2O+2.5H++1.5Cl-90%100%1.5.4181CWO2080[19]CO2N2H2O[20]CWO20m3/dCWOCODCrNH3-N99%2AOP[21][22]AOPTiO2OH[23]pH33100mg/lpH110.3m3/h25351.6gTiO26.5%3001.5.5NH4+Mg2+PO43-NH4+19MgNH4PO46H2OMAPMAP2060[24]1977KenichiEbataMg2+PO43-NH4+NH4+1100mg/lpH9100mg/lHiroshiOnoNaH2PO4Mg(NO3)2NH3-N253mg/l10mg/lR.Schulze-Rettmer[25]H3PO4MgOMgOH+Liao.P.H[26]pHMgSO4NH4+PO43-PERCOL728MgSO450mg/lPERCOL7281000mg/lMgSO4PO43--P479mg/l6mg/l1.8%0.2%Stratful[27]MAP110mg/lMAP[28][Mg(OH)2+H3PO4]MgNH4PO4900mg/l90%50mg/l1mg/l[29]pH99%1mg/l[30]pHNH3-N3320mg/l765mg/l76.2%40%CODNH3-N[31]MAP1480mg/l95%MgNH4PO46H2O1.5.6110NH3-NNO2--NNO3--NC5H7O2N55NH4++76O2+109HCO3-→C5H7O2N+54NO2-+57H2O+104H2CO3400NO2+NH4++4H2CO3+HCO3-+195O2→C5H7O2N+400NO3-+3H2ON2NO2-+3H→0.5N2+H2O+OH-NO3-+5H→0.5N2+2H2O+OH-HHSHARONsinglereactorforhighactivityammoniaremovalovernitriteDelft[32]NO2-HNO2ANAMMOXDel1990[33]Straous[34]ANAMMOX1100mg/l560mg/l1000mg/l100mg/l100dOLANDGent[35]NH4+NO2-/SND[36]pH8.230SND[37]m(C)m(N)m(P)=(60~140)51HyungSeokYoo[38]/SND111[39]DO4mg/l0.5mg/lHippenDe-ammonification[40]Muller[41]0.30kPa58%N2ONH4+N21.620%50%1.71.7.1PFSPACPAM11210%1.7.2pHCr3+Cr3+21322.12.12.1Table2.1Experimentreagents12345672.22.22.2Table2.2Experimentapparatusandequipments185-227223FT2044pHPHS-3C2.3Cr3+Cr(NO3)31000mg/lNH4Cl1000mg/l2142.42.4.1100r/min2h4502h1002.4.2500ml250ml30min2-12-2%=%10000×−CCC2-1mVCCq)(0−=2-2C0mg/lCmg/lqmg/gVmlmg2.4.3500ml20