国内城镇污水处理的瓶颈曹业始

MunicipalSewageTreatmentinChina:theBottlenecksandPotentialSolutions国内市政污水处理:瓶颈和解决方案曹业始,VanLoosdrechtM.C.M,DaiggerG.T.中国給水和排水杂志,第三届污水处理厂提标改造高级研讨会,8月28日,2019年,宁波TableofContents目录•Currentstatus现状•Threeuniquecharacteristicsofsewage市政污水的三个独特特性•Cause-effectrelationships污水特性和工艺性能因果关系•Prospective前瞻•Todevelopintegratedguidelinesofdesignandoperation制定综合设计指南•Immediateactions可以立即采取的行动Remarkableachievement世界耀眼的显著成就•thelargestcapacityofwastewatertreatmentintheworld,covering94.5%ofurbanareas世界上最大的废水处理能力,覆盖94.5%的城市地区.•nutrientremovalhasbeenlegallyrequestedandimplementedonnationalwide废水处理的营养物去除已成为全国范围内法律上的要求并正在实施Anotheraspect:sustainabilitytobeimproved另一个方面:可持续有待改进的城市污水处理•littleenergyrecovery很少能源回收•Highcostnutrientremoval高成本营养物去除•highsludgeproduction高污泥生产ThreeuniquesewagecharacteristicsI:HighInorganicsuspendedsolids(ISS)三项独特污水特性i:高浓度无机悬浮固体XBOD5/TSSXCOD/TSSVSS/TSSReportedtypicalvalues典型值0.8-1.01.2-2.00.6-0.8Chineseliterature中国文献值0.3-0.510.4–0.6Henzeetal.,2002;戴晓虎,2017;吉芳英,2017;郑兴灿,2017;李激,2019;吴远远,2017;楊立明,2017.Caoetal.2019-Highconcentrationoffineparticulate(dia.200µ)insewageduetosewerleakageandurbanconstructioninChina-由于中国的下水道泄漏和广泛的城市建设,污水中含高浓度的直径200μ细无机颗粒戴晓虎,2017;吉芳英,2017戴晓虎,2017Threeuniquesewagecharacteristicsii:LowCOD三项独特污水特性II:低CODAmong30provincesandInternalautonomyregions,eight200mgCOD/L,fifteen250mgCOD/L;SomeWWTPsintheSouthPart100mgCOD/L.在30个省和自治地区,8个COD不到200毫克/升,15不到250毫克/升;南方部分污水处理厂不到100毫克/升.2674704775485655926120100200300400500600700中国荷兰瑞典德国新加坡法国英国InfluentCOD,mg/L中国供水和污水处理协会,2017;住房城乡建设部,2018;Ponsetal.,2004;Caoetal.2014;Henzeetal.,2009.Threeuniquesewagecharacteristicsiii.LowC/Nratio三项独特污水特性iii:低碳氮比BOD5/TNCOD/TNTypical4.0–6.08.0-12.0China3.37.7Sunetal.,2014Henzeetal.,2002;中国供水和污水处理协会,2017C/N:5.9-10.4HighfractionsofleakageandCODseweron-linebiodegradation高分率的泄漏和COD下水道在线生物降解Caoetal.,2019EffectsofhighISS:sludgeandlowMLVSS/MLTSSratio高ISS的影响:高污泥产量及低挥发成分436337239050100150200250300350400450500506070Sludgeproduction,kg/dInfluentVSS/TSSratio,%Sludgeproduction,kg/dQ:2000m3/d,COD:432mg/L,sCOD:110mg/L,VSS:180mg/L.CODremoval/nitrification,Temp:20⁰C;SRT:12d,HRT:0.5dThesludgeproductionincreasesmorethan80%whentheinfluentVSS/TSSratioreducedfrom70%to50%.当进水VSS/TSS降10%,污泥量增加30%-40%以上!国内活性污泥VSS/TSS范围30%-60%,正常范围应为60%-80%ISSIO:79mg/lVSS:180mg/LVSS/TSSi0:70%ISSML:1896mg/LISSIO:119mg/lVSS:180mg/LVSS/TSSi0:60%ISSML:2856mg/LISSML=(c/)ISSIOEffectsofhighISS:extremelyhighsludgeproduction高ISS的影响:高污泥产量Averageobservedyieldin2017inChina2017年中国平均污泥观测产率yieldincreasemainlyduetohighISS产率增加主要是由于高ISSCAWW,2019;Etilertileetal.2001;VanHaandeletal.,201277%morethanthenormalyield!比正常产率高出77%!NormalyieldaccountingforBNRchemicalPremovalatSRTof15days正常生物化学磷去除在SRT15天的污泥产率0.75kg/kgCODrem0.48kg/kgCOD0.37kg/KgCODDueto40%VSSdestructionofADthesludgeproductionisevensmaller厌氧消化40%的VSS破坏,污泥产量更小NoPSandAD0.44kgDS/kgCOD0.24kgDS/kgCODAver.datawith39%ofADusageinFrance法国平均数据厌氧消化使用率占39%Aver.datawith100%ofADusageinSingapore新加坡的平均数据厌氧消化使用率为100%YangandNanndz,2017;Caoetal.,2014EffectsofhighISS(VSS/TSSratio):lowbiogasproduction高ISS的影响:低沼气产量Ji,2017OneofmaincausesofthepoorperformanceandeliminationofADinChina我国厌氧消化器性能差并被排除的主要原因之一MultipleEffectsofHighISS:GiveupapplicationofAD高ISS的多重影响:放弃厌氧消化器LowMLVSS/MLTSSofmixedliquorLowerheatcontentsofsludgeErosionofmechanicalequipmentLargerreactor/longHRTAccumulationofISSintheprocessLargesolidtreatmentcapacity/wasteenergyNO.1causeforfewADsinChina中国污泥厌氧消化应用少的最重要原因蒋玲燕,2015;Dai2017;Hu,2019ISS积累低污泥MLVSS/MLTSS比率额外的反应器体积低热量含量污泥机械设备的腐蚀额外的固体处理能力EffectsofhighISS:littleenergyrecovery高ISS的影响:很少能量回收TheWWTPswithAnaerobicdigestor5%!有厌氧消化的废水处理厂5%!!•Lowenergyrecover很少能量回收戴晓虎,2017;Wang2019;Caoetal.,20140102030405060708090100PercentageoftheWWTPswithAD,%EliminationofprimarysettlingformoreCODforBNR去除初级沉降:为脱氮除磷提供更多COD?•Upto50%increasesofactivatedsludgevolume,aerationenergyconsumption活性污泥,二次沉降池和厌氧消化器体积增加可以高达50%•Upto50%increaseoftheenergyconsumptionofsolidstreatment.固体处理能耗增加可以高达50%。moreCODforBNR?Maynotbetrueduetoslowhydrolysisrate(approx.10%ofusingreadilybiodegradableCOD)为脱氮除磷提供更多COD?不一定!EffectsoflowCODandCOD/Nratio:volumeandenergyconsumption低COD和低COD/N比的影响:初级沉降和体积和能耗EffectsoflowCODandCOD/Nratio:usageofanaerobicdigestors低COD和低COD/N比的影响:厌氧消化器的使用Anaerobicdigestors:aunavoidableunitinmunicipalWWTPs厌氧消化器:市政污水处理中不可避免的单元•HowlowofCOD250mg/L?(iftheXCODissuitableforbiogasproduction)•Treatmentcapacity20000-40000m3/d(Daigger,2019)10000m3/d(Europe)(KrosisandCao,2014)WhatisthepropertreatmentcapacityinChinatohaveADs?EffectsofLowCODandLowCOD/Nratio:costnutrientremoval低COD和COD/N比影响:高成本营养物去除•Theexternalcarbondoseispopular(tomeetTN10mgN/L)添加碳流行(满足TN10mgN/L•HighamountofchemicalsusedforPremoval(≤0.1mgP/L)大量化学品用于去除P(0.1毫克P/L)•Tobecautioustoaddexternalcarbon:firsteffectivelyuseinternalcarbon谨慎添加外部碳:首先有效利用内部碳源0102030405060陶冲小仓房十五里河蔡田铺王小郢合肥市高标准污水处理厂水价组成比例,TN≤5mg/L,TP≤0.3mg/L)电费药剂人力成本制造费用钱静,2018Arewesorich?oritisnotamatterofmoneyonly?我们是如此富有?或这不仅仅是一个钱的问题?Neetodevelopmentoftheintegrateddesignandoperationguidelinesofthesewagetreatmentplantunitandthewholeplantundercurrentsewageconditions需要