海水淡化的成本

:1007-8924(2001)04-0052-04海水淡化的成本林斯清张维润(,310012):简要介绍几种主要海水淡化方法)))多级闪蒸多效蒸馏和反渗透的投资费能耗及其淡化水的总成本.在市场竞争中,海水反渗透淡化法近年来的市场占有率已超过其他的方法.海水反渗透的能耗进一步下降到3kW#h/m3左右,淡化水的成本也几乎下降了一半,即0155$/m3以下.预计21世纪的海水淡化市场会有很大发展.:淡化;成本:P747:A1海水淡化的投资费,.,SWRO.,,,,/0,,./0./0;,SWRO,,,.SWRO..,O1J1Morin[1](1).30,,.表1各种淡化法的费用/(m3#d-1)/($#m-3#d-1)($#m-3#d-1)196119941994196119941997MSF378056126882114~26680.2851.451.59~2.11MED378055326312114~26680.3041.451.59~2.11MED3780))1057~1612))1.06~1.61VC378~75660828961321~2642ED9455242491528~7930.2641.260.26~0.52RO945))528~793))0.26~0.52:MSF);MED);VC);ED);RO).:1999-08-17:(1936~),,,.214Vo1.21No.420018MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYAgu.2001表22.7m3/d淡化器的技术比较[2]ROMSF/t224()2500(),8000()/(m3#h-1)37866269.3/(m3#h-1)37862925/(m3#h-1)/14286/m315845190/m22641800/(kW#h#m-3)7.983.24+1.13/(kW#h#m-3)-2.784//(kW#h#m-3)5.9*4.37/MW/89.12/(kW#h#m-3)/10.95/(kW#h#m-3)5.915.32/12~1836~48:SWRO413kW#h/m3,NewProvidenceIsland,Bahamas1m3/d,WEER,3kW#h/m3.MSFSWRO?(23).表3淡化装置的镍合金用量[3]/(kg#m-3#d-1)(MSF)48.3(MED)49.2(SWRO)2.2(SWRO)1.3(MSRO)0.82海水淡化的能耗,,,.MWD,30,110e,(20),.,MSFMEDSWRO,,1.,MWD,SWRO1,,,,SWRO.SWRO,Bahamas1136m3/d[4],,216kW#h/m3.MED,2kW#h/m3,MSF4kW#h/m3,,MED9kW#h/m3,MSF14kW#h/m3,SWRO,317~4128kW#h/m3(,).M1A1Darwish[2],MSF17162kW#h/m3,SWRO,519kW#h/m3.5416m3/d,ROMSF,1144.SWRO,4kW#h/m3.1[5]3海水淡化的成本,,,.,0155$/m3[7],,..,..,,,,,MSF,0136~2164$/m3[8],SWRO,,4:#53#MSFSWRO.,,SWRO,:1),/0/0.2).3),,,,.,GordonF.Leitner[5~7,9].19975275,1997123,,1999127TampaBayWaterBoardStone&Webster,,2002101.9800~12900,,5000.,0145~0.49$/m3TampaBayWater.2214km,1067mm.01128kW#h/m3(94625m3/d)01204kW#h/m3(132475m3/d).456.:1)5MSF,MSF.2)51MED,,SWRO1,.3)4,IDEMVCSWRO,SWRO,IDESWRO,.,IDEMED,.4)4(6),300155~0.67$/m3,./BOO0,,,SWRO.表4佛罗里达西海岸海水淡化厂投标的投资费和淡化水出厂价[7](1997.12.3收到的投标资料)产水量:除非另有说明,产水量为75700m3/dDupont-USWaterEnvraSupersystemsParsons-IDEProgess-IonicsStone&WebsterTIC-Citizens(SWRO)(MED)(MVC+SWRO)SWROSWRO/(mg#L-1)3900036200262002600026250/78.60186.1091.8069.3093.20/m337800/3780378037800/($#m-3)0.741.550.840.610.77()87100m3/d(5000)/($#m-3)0.530.650.5887100m3/d(5000)/($#m-3)0.41/(kW#h#m-3)4.3713410~513#54#21表5佛罗里达西海岸海水淡化厂的水价[5](199818128报价)/($#m-3)30/($#m-3)FSDC0.560.67FWP0.871.17PEIP(20MGD)0.630.75PEIP(23MGD)0.580.70S&W0.570.76:FSDC)()FWP)(ParsonsI&TGroup,I.D.E.Technologies,Ltd.)PEIP)ProgressEnergy/IonicsPartnershipS&W)StoneandWebster/TICUtitities()表6开发商最终的额定产水的出厂价[6](免税)/($#m-3)30/($#m-3)FSDC0.540.65FWP0.530.60PEIP0.560.67S&W0.450.55:94625m3/d;4SWRO;:[100mg/L;,0104$/(kW#h);172475m3/d;317~4.28kW#h/m3.4海水淡化的未来,,,,,.,,SWRO,SWRO.[1]MorinOJ.Desalinationstate-of-the-art1961[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1995,4(4):32~36.[2]DarwishMA.Desalinationprocesses:Atechnicalcomparision[A].In:95.IDAWorldCongressonDesalinationandWaterSciences[C].AbuDhabi,1995.149~173.[3]HornburgCD.Nickelalloyspredominateindesalinationplants[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1993,3(3):33~40.[4]ScottAS.TheworkexchangerforSWROenergyrecovery[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1999,8(4):27~33.[5]GordonFL.Addanotherpointonthechart[J].TheInternationalDesalinationandWaterReuse,1999,8(4):2.[6]GordonFL.Developerselectedfor25MGD(94625m3/d)Floridawestcoastseawaterdesaltingplant[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1999,9(1):11~16.[7]GordonFL.Breakingthecostbarrierforseawaterdesalting[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1998,8(1):14~20.[8]GordonFL.Watercostanalysis[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1995,5(1):24~27.[9]GordonFL.Floridawestcoastdesalternegotiations-progressreport#3[J].TheInternationalDesalination&WaterReuse,1998,8(3):12~13.CostofseawaterdesalinationLINSiqing,ZHANGWeirun(TheDevelopmentCenterofWaterTreatmentTechnology,SOA,Hangzhou310012,China)Abstract:Theinvestment,energyconsumptionandthetotalcostforseveraldesalinationprocesses,suchas,multi-stageflashandmultieffectevaporationandreverseosmosis(RO)werereviewed.Inradicalmarketingcompetitionforrecentyears,themarketoccupationpercentageofROprocesshasexceededthoseoftheotherdesalinationprocesses.TheenergyconsumptionofROforseawaterdesalinationfurtherdecreasedto3kW#h/m3orso,andthecostofdesaltedwaterhasbeenreducedalmost50%,i.e.,lessthan0.55$/m3.Itisexpectedthattheseawaterdesalinationmarketinthe21thcenturywillbegreatlydeveloped.Keywords:desalination;cost4:#55#