海水淡化预处理技术的现状及发展

钟素红1,衣守志1,李　超2(1.,　300222;2.,　100044)　　　:　针对传统海水淡化预处理技术存在的问题,指出微滤(MF)、超滤(UF)、纳滤(NF)和纳滤集成技术将逐渐补充和取代传统海水淡化预处理,而且MF、UF、NF和反渗透(RO)组合起来的新型的海水淡化集成技术将成为该领域的发展趋势。:　海水淡化;微滤;超滤;纳滤;纳滤集成技术:P747　:A　:1001-2214(2006)01-0027-04TheActualityandDevelopmentofSeaWaterDesalinationPretreatmentTechnologyZHONGSu-hong1,YIShou-zhi1,LI-Chao2(1.TheCollegeofMaterialScienceChemicalEngineering,Tianjin300222,China;2.TheArchitectureDesignOfficeofBeijing-Lianhezhuyuan,Beijing100044,China)Abstract:　Toanalysetheproblemswhichexistintraditionalseawaterdesalinationpretreat-menttechnology.Anditbringsforwardthatmicrofiltration(MF),ultrafiltration(UF),nanofiltration(NF)andnanofiltrationintegratedtechnologywillgraduallysupplyorreplacethetraditionalseawa-terdesalinationpretreatment.Andthetrendofnewseawaterdesalinationintegratedtechnology'sdevelopmentiscombinatedMF,UForNFwithRO.Keywords:　seawaterdesalination;microfiltration;ultrafiltration;nanofiltrtion;nanofiltrationintegratedtechnology:2005-08-30:(1980-),,,,。　　21,、。,,。((MSF)、(MED)、(RO)),RO、、、,[1]RO,21(SWRO)。,,。1　、;;,;、pH、、、;。、、、、(、、),,,。2　SWRO,,27　351　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。,。,、。,SWRO,。SWRO:、、、、,[2],:(1),SWRO(、)、、3μm～10μm,。,RO[3]。。(2),NaClO,CuSO4。(PA)RO,。(CA)RO,,。CA,。,,NaHSO3,,25℃,“”[4],。PANaHSO3,,。(3),,,,NaHSO3,,。:;(30%～40%,20%～30%[5]);。、、[2]。,[6～9]、、、。3　3.1　微滤(MF)技术(MF),(ContinuousMicrofiltration)CMFRO[10],0.2μm,、,。,,。CMFRO,,,,。CMF、,、,,,SDI3,0.2NTU,TSS1mgL,3L,0.2μm[11],。,,,,,,,。3.2　超滤(UF)技术,。,、、、、、、。、、、,,UF()。UF、、,[12]。UF(150～200)×103u,RO,,,65%,10%,,,,[13,14]。Brehant[15]UF,UFSDI1,,2.5,。3.3　纳滤(NF)技术(NF)。,、—28　　　　　　　　　　　　　351　、、、,1nm,1nm～2nm;200～1000;NaCl90%[16],Ca2+、Mg2+SO2-4,、TDS,,,。NF,。—[17]。,(0.5MPa[18])。,NF,。[19],NF;;。Hassan[20]NF,NF(NFP)SDI1,NFP,118MPaSO2-493.13%,Ca2+、Mg2+80%,NaCl,TDS37.13%～54.11%,40%～45%。3.4　纳滤集成技术[21～27],NFROMSF,NF-RO,NF-MSFNF-SWRO-MSF。NF,80%,TDS40%,,SWRO(60%),SWRO,。(SalineWaterConver-sionCorporation,SWCC),NF-SWRO,4″×40″NF,NFSWRO,SWRO,4.0MPa48%,3,516MPa50%,2,NFSWROTDS。,。SWCCNF(NFP)MSFNF-MSF,20m3d1200h,MSF120℃,、。,,MSF,NF,,,NF-MSFCa2+SO2-4,。SWCCNF-SWROMSF,NF-SWRO-MSF,Ca2+SO2-4MFS,,,,18%。,MSFNFRO,,。4　,,(MF)、(UF)、(NF),、TDS,,,,,。(MF)、(UF)、(NF)RO(IntegratedMembraneSystem,IMS)[28,29],UF-NF-RO,NF-SWRO-MSF,NFSO2-498%,ROMSF,TDS,,。,,、、、。,,。[][1],.[J].29　351　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,2001,(12):166-167.[2],.[J].,2001,(8):39-47.[3]MarkWilfPhD,KennethKlinko.RO[A].[C].1998.[4],,.[J].,1998,24(2):63-66.[5],.[J].,1996,(9):59-61.[6]ZidouriH.DesalinationinMorccoandpresentationofdesignandop-erationoftheLaaouneSeawaterReverseOsmosisPlant[A].Proceed-ingofCocferenceofMembraneinDrinkingandIndustrialWaterPro-duction[C].Italy:2000.293-301.[7]DurhamBruce,WaltonAndy.MembranePretreatmentofreverseos-mosis:long-termexperienceondifficultwaters[J].Desalination,1999,122(2-3):157-170.[8]WilfMark,KlinkoKenneth.Effectivenewpretreatmentforseawaterreverseosmosissystems[J].Desalination,1998,117(1-3):323-331.[9],,.[J].,2003,23(1):27-29.[10]TakeshiMatsuura.Progressinmembranescienceandtechnologyforseawaterdesalination-areview[J].Desalination,2001,134(1-3):47-54.[11],,.[J].,2004,18(6):12-14.[12]RedondoJA.Brackish-,sea-andwastewaterdesalination[J].Desalination,2001,138(1-3):29-40.[13]WilfMark,KlinkoKenneth.Effectivenewpretreatmentforseawaterreverseosmosis[J].Desalination,1998,117(1-3):323-331.[14]RedondoJA,LomaxI.YKgenerationFILMTECROmembranescombinedwithnewpretreatmenttechniquetotreatrawwaterwithhighfoulingpotential:summaryofexperience[J].Desalination,2001,136(1-3):287-306.[15]VanHoofSCJM,MinneryJG,MackB.Dead-endultrafiltrationasalternativepre-treatmenttoreverseosmosisinseawaterdesali-nation:acasestudy[J].Desalination,2001,139(1-2):161-168.[16],.[J].,2001,27(11):7-9.[17]RauterbackR,GroshelA.Separationpotentialofnanofiltrationmembrane[J].Desalination,1990,77:73-84.[18],,.[J].,2003,(4):18-20.[19]RauterbachR,GroshclA.Separationphtentialofnanofiltrationmembrane[J].Desalination,1990,77:73-84.[20]HassanAM,Al-SofiMAK,Al-AmoudiAS,etal.Anewap-proachtomembraneandthermalseawaterdesalinationprocessesu-singnanofiltrationmembrane(Part1)[J].Desalination,1998,118(1-3):35-51.[21]HassanAM,FarooqueATM,etal.AdemondtrationplantbasedontheNF-SWROprocess[J].Desalination,2000,131(1-3):157-171.[22]Al-SofiMAK.Seawaterdesalination-SWCCexperienceandvi-sion[J].Desalination,2001,135(1-3):121-139.[23]Al-SofiMAK,HassanAM,MustafaGM,etal.NanofiltrationasameansofachievinghigherTBTof≥120℃inMSF[J].Desali-nation,1998,118(1-3):123-129.[24]Al-SofiMAK,HassanAM,HamadOA,etal.Meansandmeritsofhighertemperatureoperationindual-purposeplant[J].Desali-nation,1999,125(1-3):213-222.[25]HassanAM,Processfordesalinationofsalinewater,especiallyseawaterhavingincreasedproductyieldandquality[P].US:WO9916714,1999-04-08.[26]DrioliE,LaganaF,CriscuoliA,etal.Integratedmembraneopera-tionsindesalinationprocesses[J].Desalination,1999,122(2-3):141-145.[27]VanderB,Bart,Vandecasteele,etal.Distillationvsmembranefil-tration:Overviewofprocessevolutionsinsawaterdesalination[J].Desalination,2002,143:207-218.[28],,,.[J].,2004,24(2):49-52.[29]LihLingerRobertA.Desalinationmethodandapparatusutilizingnanofiltrati