海涂人工湿地不同利用方式能值特征与生态效应刘兆普

刘兆普1,邓力群1,刘友兆1,沈其荣1,陈省平2(1.,210095;2.,510275):、()、(,),3(19992001):3[1],(Yr)、(Np)1.36,1.351.71。,、,。3,:,201.3;、、(CODMn)、a、,;、0～20cm1.25,1.622.57,。:;;;:Q148　　　:A　　　:10002030(2003)04005105StudyofenergycharactersandecologicaleffectsondifferentkindsofutilizationmodeincostalartificialwetlandLIUZhao-pu1,DENGLi-qun1,LIUYou-zhao1,SHENQi-rong1,CHENSheng-ping2(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,NanjingAgricUniv,Nanjing210095,China;2.ZhongshanUniv,Guangzhou510275,China)Abstract:DifferentmodesweretestedonconstructingandutilizingartificialwetlandecosystemsinthecoastofJiangsuProvince,Chinaforthreeyears(19992001).Thethreemodeswereasfollows:singlecultureoffish,mixedcultureoffishwithSesba-niacannabia,andcombinedcultureoffishandSesbania.Resultsshowedthattheenergyyieldratio,theneteconomicprofitsandthebaseenergyincrementofmixedculturewere1.36,1.35and1.71timesasmuchasthoseofsingleculturerespectively,accordingtotheprincipleandmethodofenergyevaluation.ThefreshweightsofrootnodulesandseedyieldsofSesbaniagrowninthemixedculturewere20and1.3timesasmuchasthoseincombinedculturerespectively.Inmixedculture,plantingSesbaniadecreasedthecontentsoftotalphosphorus(TP),totalnitrogen(TN),CODMnandchlorophyll-aandmadethewatermoretransparent,whichwouldbebeneficialforsomefishofhighquality.Therateofsaltleaching,theTNandtheorganic-Cofsalinesoil(020cm)inmixedculturewere1.25,1.62and2.57timesthoseofsingleculture,respectively.Asaresult,mixedcul-turewasthemosteffectiveandsustainablemodeofutilizingthecoastsoil.Keywords:artificialwetland;utilizationmode;emerycharacteristic;ecologicaleffects、、,,[1]。,:,。,19992001,,　　:20021230　　:863(2001AA627040);“”(2001338)　　:(1947),,,。E-mail:[e-mail]　　2003,26(4):51～55JournalofNanjingAgriculturalUniversity,、。1　试验设计和方法1.1　3:(1);(2)();(3)(,)。7,147hm2,1。1　Table1　BasicpropertiesofsoilsusedMode/g·kg-1Saltcontents0～20cm　0～100cm/cmDepthofprofile/g·kg-1OrganicC/g·kg-1TotalN/g·kg-1Alkali-hydrolyzableN/g·kg-1TotalP/g·kg-1AvailableP/g·kg-1SlowlyavailablePSingleculture4.82　　　4.360～1010～2020～402.851.351.510.250.150.1621.316.811.00.530.500.534.933.523.524.993.782.36Mixedculture4.82　　　4.360～1010～2020～402.851.351.510.250.150.1621.316.811.00.530.500.534.933.523.524.993.782.36Combinedculture4.33　　　3.790～1010～2020～403.111.391.400.270.160.1419.816.710.70.520.490.564.973.762.905.903.322.90　　3300kg·hm-22、112.5kg·hm-2。100kg·hm-22、15kg·hm-2,,10;,80kg·hm-2,32.5kg·hm-2。　　3:,15%(),2m,1.5m(1)。3,410,515,,72070cm,,;,。1.2　1　Fig.1　Utilizationmodesofartificialwetland　　,3,;。:—,,,HClO4-H2SO4,0.5mol·L-1NaHCO3,Colewll-P(0.5mol·L-1NaHCO3,1∶100,16h);1mol·L-1NH4OAc—;1mol·L-1HNO3—,pHpH(1∶1);。1.3　,(Solaremjouls,Sej)[2],,。、、[3],、、,、·52·　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　26,。[4],(Baseemergychange,Bec)(Netprofits,Np):(Bec)=(Ey)-(N)(Np)=(I)-(F)Bec,。Np,。1.4　、。2　结果与讨论2.1　Odum[5]Brown[6],,()。2,Yr((Yield)/(F))、Np,Bec,。YrNp,Bec。2　Table2　ComparisonofenergyutilizationintwomodesofartificialwetlandNo.ItemSinglecultureMixedcultureNo.ItemSinglecultureMixedculture1/Sej·a-1Inputofrenewableresources1.12×10151.12×10156/Sej·a-1Totalyield3.92×10165.33×10162/Sej·a-1Nonrenewableresourcesuse3.65×10153.65×10157Energyyieldratio2.933.813/Sej·a-1Investmentenergy1.34×10161.40×10168/Sej·a-1Neteconomicbenefits6.30×10158.50×10154/Sej·a-1Economicbenefits1.97×10162.25×10169/Sej·a-1Baseenergychange1.59×10162.72×10165/Sej·a-1Energyyield1.95×10163.08×1016　　,[7],,CO2,[8]。,4101.37×109J·m-2,6300kg·hm-2[9]。,,。2.2　2.2.1　对植物生长的影响　0～20cm16.31cmol·kg-1(4.33g·kg-1);16.50cmol·kg-1(4.87g·kg-1)。,;,15%。,,66,30.1cm,19.0cm,。,,。,,[10]。。20016,,,5d,。820,60cm,3～4cm,,(49.0g)(20.7g)·53·4　　　　　　　　　　　:(5.0g1.2g)。20011020,1566kg·hm-2,1.3。2.2.2　对鱼类生长的影响　,(3),,,4。、,(5)。,,。3　(1)　Table3　Waterqualitiesoftwoutilizationmodesofartificialwetlandmg·L-1ModeTPTNCODMn(2)aChlaSingleculture0.6998.2333.69967.674Mixedculture0.5784.6552.53231.113　　:(1)2.5L4113,。(2)CODMn。(1)Threewatersampleswerecollectedineachmonth(fromApriltoNovember),andthedataaremeanvalues.(2)CODMnrep-resentspermanganateindexofwaterbodies.4　＊Table4　WaterclarityoftwoutilizationmodesofartificialwetlandcmTreatmentdate(month-day)07-1007-2508-0508-1008-1508-2009-0109-20Singleculture3730282222192527Mixedculture3837383535363634　　:10。Measuredat10am.5　Table5　Fishyieldsoftwoutilizationmodesofartificialwetland　SpeciesSingleculture/kg·hm-2Yield/kg·-1DimensionsMixedculture/kg·hm-2Yield/kg·-1DimensionsGrasscarp457.52.30676.53.10Pomfret303.00.42408.00.45Silvercarp1350.00.90715.50.76Otherfishes709.5730.5Total2820.02530.52.2.3　对滨海盐土肥力的影响　34,。,,0～100cm3.79g·kg-1,41.61g·kg-1,57.52%;,42.05g·kg-1,45.91%;(2)。2　SARNa+/Ca2+Fig.2　ValueofSARandNa+/Ca2+indifferentutilizationmodesofartificialwetland·54·　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　26,0～20cm、(6),。[11]6　0～40cm＊Table6　Contentsofsoilorganic-CandNindepthof040cmindifferentutilizationmodes/cm///g·kg-1///CultureDeptofsoilg·kg-1g·kg-1Totalg·kg-1g·kg-1g·kg-1systemsprofileOrganic-CIncrementNIncrementAlkali-IncrementhydrolyzableN0～106.860.400.730.4873.952.6Mixed10～202.180.330.260.1128.211.520～401.48-0.19-11.2-0～103.850.740.350.0821.31.5Combined10～