含氮芳香化合物的厌氧生物降解研究回顾

于建伟佘宗莲赵宇(,266003)(,266071),,,,,,,,,ReviewontheanaerobicbiodegradationofN-substitutedaromaticsYuJianweiSheZonglian(InstituteofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,OceanUniversityofChina,Qingdao266003)ZhaoYu(InstituteofChemicalEngineering,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao266071)AbstractThispaperreviewstheliteratureonthepotentialofdetoxification,transformationandmineralizationofnitroaromaticandazocompoundsunderanaerobicconditions.Theseformerpapersshowthatnitroaromaticsandazodyesarestrongelectronattracting,whichmakethemdifficulttobebiodegradedinaerobicconditions.However,nitroandazosubstitutedaromaticsarereadilydetoxifiedbymethanogenicconsortiatotheirrespectivearomaticamineswhichareseveralordersofmagnitudelesstoxic.Thisreductivedetoxificationhasallowedthesuccessfuloperationofanaero-bicreactorsforthetreatmentofhighlytoxicaromaticcompounds,andinthecourseofdegradationitwasfoundthatsomearomaticaminesweremineralized.TheseresultsindicatethatsomeN-substitutedaromaticcompoundscanserveasacarbonandenergysourcesforanaerobicbacteriaandcanbemineralizedcompletelyunderanaerobicconditions.KeywordsN-substitutedaromaticcompounds;azodyes;aromaticamine;nitroaromatics;anaerobicbiodegra-dation;anaerobicbacteria:2003-03-25;:2003-05-13:(1976~),,,:1,,,,,,,,,,[1],[2],,,,[2,3],,,,,1/500[4,5],,,,,,[5],52Vol.5,No.220042TechniquesandEquipmentforEnvironmentalPollutionControlFeb.2004[6],(UASB),,UASB,,,,[7](),,,,1IC50[8]Table1TheIC50valuesobservedforvariousaromaticstoacetoclasticmethanogenicactivityingranularsludge[8]IC50(mmol/L)IC50(mmol/L)7820154-139010619391672,4-18401043123010812,5-18401062-13801014122703-13801032-137672-108181923-137703-10865174-1377094131832-167015382-10931213-167010963-109181814-16701124-109141225-1532182,4-124012835-183013222-139010892,4-12211573-139011152,4-1820102722.1,Donlon[8],25,,150%(IC50),,COOHNH2NO2,,,IC5001014~0112mmol/L;,,IC50312~67mmol/L,S1Kalyuzhny[9],3~7g/L,2-(2-ABA)4-(4-ABA)5-(5-ASA),[10],2,4-,3-,:2,4-4-2-3-212,,,Donlon[11],172:2IC50[11]Table2TheIC50valuesobservedforselectedazocompoundsandtheirsuspectedcleavageproductstoacetoclasticmethanogenicactivityingranularsludge[11]IC50(mmol/L)1(MO1)287010145-ASA,4-NA,1,4-PDA1(MY1)287010635-ASA,3-NA,1,3-PDA12(MY12)25701255-ASA,1,4-PDA3-(3-NA)13801031,3-PDA4-(4-NA)138010171,4-PDA1,3-(1,3-PDA)10865171,4-(1,4-PDA)108305-(5-ASA)153219,,32IC50,,,:1,3-1,4-5-;MY12,3,[11],[12]3Chung[13],,,6()4(),,,,,,[14]2,,30d,350~450mg/LHRT24h40%,COD80%[15];[1],21TNTDNN,,TNT51155mg/L10mg/L,,[1],,,[16]:R)NN)RcRNH2+RcNH2NADPH2NADH22NADP+2NAD+:RRc,,();,,,[17],,,,,,[18]Swaminathan,K.[19],,,,90%,Elias[20],H2,,185,,,,[18],4UASB(UASB),,,[21]Uberoi,V[22]UASB,,2-4-,95%,,,UASB:2-(2-NP)4-(4-NP)2,4-(2,4-DNP)2,4-(2,4-DNT)4-(4-NBA)5-(5-NSA)[5]Donlon[5]UASB2-NP4-NBA5-NSA,,,,,,,,HaghighiPodeh[23]2159Lmol/L#d,4-NP82%;Tseng[24],6147mmol/L#d,COD90%;Elias[20],UASB,(6155mmol/L#d),98%Donlon[11]MO1,(),,,UASB,MO13UASB,1,,50d,,,,50d,;VFA(),217d,,(1,4-5-),189d,5-(5-ASA),,1,4-(1,4-PDA)5,Elias[20],2-,,3,,2ABA3ABA2AP,4ABA,UASB2-,3B2AP,,110d;3,,5ASA4AP,,65d70d,,Young[25],,,,,,,Elias[20],,2AP4ABA5ASA,Donlon[5]UASB,,,192:32-[20]Table3Anaerobicbiodegradabilityofaromaticaminesbasedontheirconversiontomethanewhensuppliedtounadaptedor2-nitrophenoladaptedgranularsludgeassolecarbonandenergysource[20](mmol/L)1)(%TMP?S1D1)2)(d)3)2-(2ABA)21189210?51025+3-(3ABA)211811215?51475+4-(4ABA)21184119?101135?2-(2AP)11839116?1013110+4-(4AP)91160111?111150-5-(5ASA)01785184?219150-2-2-(2ABA)21189517?51225+3-(3ABA)21187511?11950+4-(4ABA)21187612?01450+2-(2AP)11838311?3185+4-(4AP)91164515?518770?5-(5ASA)01789516?51465+2115110?415150-:1);2)S1D1:,(%TMP);3):+,;?,;-,,,NO2-3SO2-4Mn(Ô)Fe(Ó)[26],,,[27]6,,,,,,,,[1],,..,2002,3(5):1~35[2]Bruhn,C.,Lenke,H.,Knackmuss,H.J.Nitrosubstitutedaromaticcompoundsasanitrogensourceforbacteria.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1987,53:208~210[3]Hallas,L.E.,Alexander,M.Microbialtransformationofn-itroaromaticcompoundsinsewageeffluent.Appl.Environ.M-icrobiol.,1983,45:1234~1241[4]Gorontzy,T.,Kuver,J.,Blotevogel,K.H.Microbialtrans-formationofnitroaromaticcompoundsunderanaerobiccond-itions.J.Gen.Microbiol.,1993,139:1331~1336[5]Donlon,B.,Razo-Flaores,E.,Lettinga,G.,Field,J.A.Continuousdetoxification,transformation,anddegradationofnitrophenolsinupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reac-tors.Biotechnol.Bioeng.,1996,51:439~449[6]Macarie,H.,Noyola,A.,Guyot,J.P.Anaerobictreatmentofapetrochemicalwastewaterfromaterephthalicacidplant.WaterSci.Technol.,1992,25:223~235205[7]Lettinga.G.,vanVelsen,A.F.M.,Hobma,S.W.,deZeeuw,W.,Klapwijk,A.Useoftheupflowsludgeblanket(USB)reactorconceptforbiologicaltreatment,especiallyforanaerobictreatment.Biotechnol.Bioeng.,1980,22:699~734[8]Donlon,B.,Razo-Flores,E.,Field.J.,Lettinga,G.Tox-icityofN-substitutedaromaticstoacetoclasticmethanogenicac-tivityingranularsludge.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,1995,61:3889~3893[9]S.Kalyuzhnyl,V.Sklyar,T.Mosolova,I.Kucherenko,J.Russkova,N.Degtyaryova.Methanogenicbiodegradationofaromaticamines.WaterScienceandTechnology,2000,42(5):363~370[10]MohammadR.HaghighiPodeh,SanjoyK.Bhattacharya,M