河南12种乡土荷花的花粉形态特征及聚类分析孔德政

44　5河南农业大学学报Vol.44　No.52010　　10JournalofHenanAgriculturalUniversityOct.　2010:2009-12-01:(0412001900);(072102150001):,1965,,,,,.:1000-2340(2010)05-0532-0612孔德政,赵海舰,李立升(河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450002):调查了河南省乡土荷花品种的主要分布地区,采集12个品种的花粉,利用扫描电镜进行观察和测量,并进行了聚类分析.结果表明,荷花花粉形状为近球形,大小为极轴长34.2～55.3μm,赤道轴长39.5～56.7μm;具3条萌发沟,无沟膜,辐射对称,均等分布;3条沟在极面不交会,有沟界极区.外壁纹饰为脑纹状或脑纹皱波状.花粉种间差异主要表现在大小、形状、外壁纹饰和萌发沟性状的细微变化方面.经聚类分析在遗传距离5.01处,可将12个乡土品种分为2大类,在遗传距离3.56处分为4小组.组别与乡土荷花品种的地理分布及远近有一定的关系.:荷花;花粉形态;乡土品种;聚类分析:Q948.8　　　　:AAnalysesofpollenmorphologyandclusterofthetwelveindigenousNelumbonuciferaspeciesinHenanKONGDe-zheng,ZHAOHai-jian,LILi-sheng(CollegeofForestry,HenanAgriculturalUniversity,Zhengzhou450002,China)Abstract:FieldinvestigationtotheprimarydistributionregionofindigenousNelumbonuciferaspeciesinHenanProvincewascarriedout.Pollenmorphologyof12differentNelumbonuciferaspecieswereobservedandmeasuredinSEM.Observationalstudyandclusteranalysisontheresultsshowed:Thepollengrainsweresubspheroidalinshape.Thepolaraxiswasintherangeof34.2～55.3μm,andtheequatorialaxiswas39.5～56.7μm.Thepollengrainshadthreegerminalfurrowswithoutcolpusmembrane,whichwereactinomorphicandequaldistribution.Thethreefurrowshadsulcilimitantes,butdidn'tintersectonthepolar.Thepollenexinesculptureswerestriatumandrugulate-ripple.Themaindifferenceamongthepollengrainsof12specieswasembodiedinthesubtlechangeofsize,shape,sexinesculptureandgerminalfurrowcharacters.TheobservedNelumbonuciferaspeciescanbedividedintotwomaincategorieswhenthecoefficientofgeneticsimilaritywas5.01,andfourgroupswhenitbeing3.56.ThegroupshadacertainrelationshipwiththedistributiondistanceofindigenousNelumbonuciferaspecies.Keywords:Nelumbonucifera;pollenmorphology;indigenousspecies;clusteranalysis　　(Nelumbonucifera)(Nymphae-aceae)(Nelumbo),.,[1].,.,,[2],5:12533　　.,,,、、,、,,.,12,,,.,、.1　1.1　2009-07-15—08-1812(1),13,1FAA[3].1　Table1　InformationofthesamplesCodeSpecificnamePlaceoforiginFlowercharacterdescriptionAcquisitiontimePositionlocationLongitudeLatitude1,,,123,,12.2009-07-22110.72°34.57°2,,,105,,12.2009-07-23110.64°34.58°3,,,123,,9.2009-07-27112.78°34.81°4,,,89,,18.2009-07-27112.77°34.81°5,,,91,,10.2009-07-28113.83°34.38°6,,,181,,9.2009-08-02115.03°35.39°7,,,349,,9.2009-08-08115.86°34.56°8,,,163,,16.2009-08-09114.04°32.07°9,,,265,,12.2009-08-11115.90°31.92°10,,,193,,21.2009-08-12113.87°31.86°11,,,217,,13.2009-08-18114.89°33.74°12,,,323,,17.2009-08-18114.87°33.57°1.2　1.2.1　电镜观察方法　50%,70%,95%,100%,15～20min.,CO2,,,,[4].S-3400,(500～1500)(P),(E),(L),(W),,.20[5],,.12、,2,1.[6,7].1.2.2　数量分析方法　12,10,8(,,P/E,,L/P,,P×E,)2(,),,,0,1,[8].12,,DPS534　　　　　　　　　44Q[9].2　2.1　2.1.1　花粉形态及大小　12,,,.,,,.34.2～55.3μm,39.5～56.7μm,,.,,×50.4(44.5～55.3)μm×51.3(46.7～56.7)μm;,×38.5(35.1～44.8)μm×42.2(39.5～46.3)μm,(2).2.1.2　花粉外壁纹饰　12,2:,.,,.,,,,,,.,,,,(2).2.1.3　花粉萌发沟　3,,.2,3.,[10].,,,;,,.,、.,L/P(),2.2　Table2　PollenmorphologyofindigenousNelumbonuciferaspeciesSpecies/μmPolaraxis/μmEquatoraxisP/E/μmLengthofcolpusL/P/μmWidthofcolpusVolumeindex/μmWidthofliraePolarviewExinesculpture150.4(44.5～55.3)51.3(46.7～56.7)0.98(0.90～1.04)41.40.823.3750.81.43246.8(43.4～49.8)48.5(43.2～52.1)0.96(0.92～1.01)37.20.794.6347.61.35346.1(42.6～50.3)48.3(40.4～52.7)0.95(0.90～0.99)38.30.832.7447.21.45448.3(38.6～49.9)50.2(44.5～55.6)0.96(0.93～1.05)32.60.674.1749.21.22545.3(36.8～49.5)47.5(41.3～52.8)0.95(0.91～0.98)34.80.773.6346.41.26647.9(38.2～52.9)48.6(41.2～54.3)0.98(0.92～1.03)31.80.663.1948.21.21744.8(38.5～46.9)47.5(41.3～52.1)0.94(0.90～0.99)37.30.833.8546.11.31838.5(35.1～44.8)42.2(39.5～46.3)0.91(0.87～0.97)30.50.792.4140.31.15940.9(34.2～44.7)43.7(41.2～45.6)0.94(0.89～0.99)34.50.843.5942.31.361041.5(35.3～45.3)45.3(40.3～49.2)0.92(0.90～0.98)36.80.884.5243.51.251144.3(38.7～46.9)46.5(41.7～50.1)0.95(0.92～0.99)38.70.874.4145.41.181243.2(36.2～49.3)45.4(40.6～51.6)0.95(0.91～1.01)36.70.853.3544.31.39:.Note:Numericalvalueinthebracketindicatetherangeabilityfromminimumtomaximum.5:12535　　2.2　12,Lq1=5.01,122.16,26;Lq2=3.56,12,22.Q124.1,,,,,.,.,.,,,1,、L/P,31.2,,.3、L/P3536　　　　　　　　　441.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Figurecodekeepingwithtable1code.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1　12Fig.1　PollenmorphologyoftwelveNelumbonuciferaspeciesinSEM2.1,,,,,,,2.,,,,.2,,,,,.,P/E,1,.3,4.1;、1;,1.,,,5:12537　　,,,.2　12Fig.2　Clusterdiagramof12indigenousNelumbonuciferaspecies3　1)[11].12,.12,,,3,N3P4C5[11],,,,.,.2)12,,:①;②,、;③,、.,.:,[12].,,.3),、、,、.,,,、、.4),,,[13].,,,[14].,.,.,,.:[1]　,　,,.[J].,2006,26(4):56-58.[2]　,.[J].,2002,24(6):759-764.[3]　,,,.[J].,2008,35(3):389-394.[4]　,.[J].,1997,24(2):170-174.[5]　,,,.3[J].,2004,24(4):410-413.[6]　,,,.[J].,2006,26(2):113-119.[7]　.[M].:,1995.[8]　,.[M].:,1983.[9]　,　,,.[J].,2009,25(6):81-84.[10],.[M].:,1996.[11],,.[M].:,1990.[12]　,.、[J].,1999,14(25):143-145.[13],.[J].,1997,24(6):170-174.[14],,,.[J].,1999,4(2):80-84.(责任编辑:朱秀英)