湖北省农村饮用水与环境卫生现状调查刘家发

··刘家发　何祖安　孔林汛　谢曙光　陈利侃　唐琳　沈更新　侯祖洪【】目的　。方法　20、10,。结果　26.74%,73.26%,40%,50.60%,32.20%。26.17%;、19.21%80.79%,60.70%。结论　,,。【】;;　　【】R123.9　　【】A　　【】1006-2483(2008)06-0015-04InvestigationofdrinkingwaterandenvironmenthygieneinruralareainHubeiprovince　　LIUJia-fa,HEZu-an,KONGLin-xun,XIEShu-guang,CHENLi-kan,TANGLin,SHENGeng-xin,HOUZu-hong.　HubeiProvincialCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Wuhan　430079,China【Abstract】　Objective　ToinvestigatethedrinkingwaterqualityandenvironmentalhygieneinruralareasinHu-bei.Methods　Drinkingwaterwasmonitoredandenvironmentconditioninvestigatedin200villagesof20counties,theywereselectedthroughrandomsamplingandstratifiedsampling.Results　26.74%ofthepopulationusedwaterfromcen-tralizedsupplysystemand73.26%,individualsupply.Thegeneralrateofdrinkingwatermeetingcriteriawas40%;therateinwaterthroughcentralizedsupplysystemwas50.60%,therateinwaterthroughindividualsupply,32.20%.Ofallhouseholdtoilets,26.17%weresanitaryones;domesticwasteandwastefromfarmingmadeup19.21%and80.79%,re-spectively;60.70%ofthedomesticwastewaterwasdischargedfreely.Conclusion　Thereisurgentneedintheimprove-mentbothinruralwatersupplyanddrinkingwaterquality;therateofsanitaryhouseholdtoiletsislowand,environmenthy-gieneispoor,theresultisthatsolidwasteandwastewaterarenotcollectedanddisposedofproperly.【Keywords】　Ruralareas;Drinkingwater;Environment　　。,、,。、,,、、,,20068～10,20。:430079　,:,,,,:1　1.1　1.1.1　、、。1.1.2　　、、、。　、、、。　、、、。1.1.3　　、、pH、、、·15·2008196　　JofPubHealthandPrevMed　2008,Vol.19,No.6、、、、、、、、、、、17。1.2　1.2.1　、(、),、、,16()1(、),41,20(、)。1.2.3　,,10,,。1.2.4　。10。1.3　1.3.1　,,。1.3.2　,。1.3.3　,。《》(GB5750)。1.3.4　《〈〉》(〔91〕21)(《》)。《》,。、。。2　20(、)200,85,115;200,2000。2.1　2.1.1　1443.03,,26.76%(14.91%,0.66%,5.82%,3.96%,1.41%,),73.24%(58.76%,8.44%,6.04%)。2.1.2　,26.74%(7.61%,13.17%,5.96%),73.26%(12.38%,38.71%,22.17%)。2.2　2.2.1　20200,《》,3()80,40%;79(28,22,25,4),25,31.6%;121(84,23,14),55,45.5%;,200,85,115。85,43,50.6%;115,37,32.2%;(1)。1　5629239247168801111511833921572.3　2.3.1　203667178,·16·2008196　　JofPubHealthandPrevMed　2008,Vol.19,No.6:949546,26.17%;10.94%,18.60%,10.04%,24.93%,30.03%,51921,5.47%。2617273,,70.37%;16.67%,12.95%,0.01%。99343,2.71%。2.3.2　2000,210,10.50%;19.05%,49.05%,0.95%,28.57%,5,2.38%。1751,76.36%,15.88%,7.77%。39。2.4　、、,20050208。19.21%;80.79%;,47.33%23.32%,,11646,28.71%;261,2.71%。:9647,41.53%;58.47%;,45.44%;26.41%;19.86%。8.26%。,14.19%,85.81%。,,31.66%;27.65%;23.77%;2.76%。(1)。1　2.5　、、200325348,99474。,,59.38%;15.14%;23.37%。:60.70%;19.78%;11.65%;7.87%。:31.34%;45.52%;6.61%;12.51%。(2)。2　:23.33%,23.17%,37.58%,15.92%。:36.35%,29.78%,12.98%,12.99%。,15061,52.49%;。3　,、,、、〔1-4〕,〔5〕,〔6〕。。3.1　,,,·17·2008196　　JofPubHealthandPrevMed　2008,Vol.19,No.6,,。,32.12%(37/115),26.67%,28.46%,22.08%,。。,,,《》50.6%(、、60%、46.0%、51.5%),,。,、。。17,,65.9%54.8%;72.9%53.9%。,,、、,,。3.2　,26.17%,。2002000,13.91%10.50%,。3.3　,,、,。。,,,。,。4　4.1　、、,,,;。4.2　,,,,,;,。4.3　。,,、。,,。【】〔1〕　.〔J〕.,2004,26(6):454-455.〔2〕　,,,.〔J〕.,2004,21(4):204-206.〔3〕　,,,.〔J〕.,2001,18(3):166-167.〔4〕　.〔J〕.,2000,12(9):24.〔5〕　,,,.〔J〕.,2000,17(6):327-328.〔6〕　,,,.〔J〕.,2004,3(4):202-205.(:2008-05-28)(:)·18·2008196　　JofPubHealthandPrevMed　2008,Vol.19,No.6