英语-四级考点语法结构

研究历年真题，熟悉常考的语法难点四级语法的要求：巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。语法结构1,理解文中的所指:例1,(95.6)Thestudentwasjustabouttothequestion,whensuddenlyhefoundtheanswer.A,arriveatB,submittoC,giveupD,workout例2,(95.6)Allflights__becauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain。A,hadbeencancelledB,havebeencancelledC,werecancelledD,havingbeencancelled2,确认逻辑关系:3,语法考点:语法重点:虚拟语气,主谓一致,倒装结构,非谓语动词,状语从句,定语从句,独立主格,情态动词。另外重点复习以上项目中的特殊用法。着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词,介词短语和连词。lest,incase,otherwise等。一部分表示建议,主张,命令,紧要等概念的词语,由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望,其后的主语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句往往采用(should)+动词原形1,虚拟倒装句；在wouldrather,wish,asif,it’stimethat等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望：I.虚拟语气:2,用虚拟的句型：虚拟语气常见并在复习中特别要加以注意的：语法结构Itisvital(重要的,生死攸关的,致命的)ItisnecessaryItisimportantItisurgentItisimperative(必要的事,势在必行的,急需的)Itisdesirable+that+动词原形Itisadvisable(明智的,适当的)ItisnaturalItisessentialItisproposalItissuggestionItislest+that+should+动词原形Ifonly+that+would+动词原形ItistimeItisabouttime+that+一般过去时Itishightimewouldrather+that从句+一般过去时语法结构2.1重点essential,important等词后的虚拟语气例3,Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms___backbeforethedeadline(90,1)A,mustbesentB,wouldbesentC,besentD,weresent例4,Itisimportantthatenoughmoney___tofundtheproject.(97,1)A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)wascollectedD)canbecollected3,ifonly,wish等词后的虚拟语气例5,LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfI___youradvice.(93,6)AfollowBhadfollowedwouldfollowhavefollowed例6,IwishI___longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.(95,6)AhavesleptBsleptCmighthavesleptDcouldhaveslept5条件从句中的虚拟语气例7,Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe___then(90,1)AwouldhavebeenhereBshouldbehereChadtobehereDwouldbehere语法结构II.主谓一致三条原则1)语法一致原则例8,Myfriendhasnointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.例9,Myfriendshavenointentionofgoingshoppingwithme.2)意义一致原则例10,TheclassarebusyingwritingEnglishpassages.例11,TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountrywhichhasadvancedscienceandtechnology.3)就近原则例12,NeithermyfriendsnorIwasabletopersuadehimtoacceptouradvice.例13,Eitherheorshehasbrokenthewindow,forthereisnooneelsethere.例14,Thereisateacherandfiftystudentsintheclassroom.由either...or,neither....nor,notonly....butalso连接或由here,there等引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则语法结构1.动词单复数1.2,用and连接的成份一般用复数。例18,yourproblemandminearesimilar.例19,Breadandbutterismyfavouritebreakfast.例20,Twohundredandfiftypounds__toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A)isB)areC)wereD)be例21,Mybestfriendandadviserhaschangedhismindagain.cattle(家畜,牛),people,poultry(家禽),militia(义勇军,民兵组织),police,faculty,flock,machinery,personnel,vermin(害虫,歹徒)等,动词要用复数。1.1,复数名词。例15,Thepolicehavecaughtthemurder.例16,Ourpersonnelareveryhighlytrained.例17,Thevermin(害虫,歹徒)areverydangerous.语法结构1.3,主语中含有某些连词(aswellas,besides,inadditionto等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致例22,Breadandbutter__whatAmericansusuallyhaveforbreakfast.A)areB)isC)wasD)were例23,Twohundredandfiftypounds__toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A)isB)areC)wereD)be1.4,动词常用单数的情况1.4.1,名词性从句及不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式例24,Tofinishtheworkinadvanceiswhathewants.例25,Smokingcigarettesisdangeroustoyourhealth例26,Whatseemseasyintheoryisdifficultinpractice.例27,Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.语法结构1.4.2what引导名词从句作主语时，其表语是复数形式时，系动词也可以是复数形式例28,Whatwebadlyneedherearequalifiedteachers.1.4.3,当主语是单数,后面跟着由including,with,togetherwith,alongwith,like,inadditionto,aswellas,ratherthan,but,except,morethan,accompaniedby等连接的短语时,谓语动词用单数。例29,thefactory,withallitsequipment,hasbeenburned.例30,Maryaswellashersisterlikeslisteningtomusic.例31,DoctorRichards,togetherwithhiswifeandthreechildren,istoarriveontheafternoonflight.例32,Mybestfriendratherthananyoneelsehasgotthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.语法结构1.4.4,one,oneof,every,everyone,everybody,each,manya,either,neither,noone,nobody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody用作主语或修饰主语时，动词用单数形式例33,Eachman,womanandchildhasthesameright.例34,Manyastudentdoesn'tliketodotheirhomework.(manyastudent＝manystudents)例35,Eitherofstudentsisgoingtocompeteforthepresidentofthestudents'union.例36,Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.例37,everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway.例38,Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforapositionintheuniversity.A)hasbeenacceptedB)havebeenacceptedC)wasacceptedD)wereaccepted1,neither用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2,定语从句用过去完成时，主句应用一般过去时。语法结构1.4.5,表示时间,距离,重量,体积,钱的复数名词,作主语时作为整体来看待,动词通常用单数。例39,Fivethousandsdollarsisquitealargesumofmoneytome.例40,Fiftymilesistoolongadistanceforonetowalkonfoot.例41,Tenyearshaspassedbuthedidn'tchangeatall.1.4.6,aportionof,aseriesof,akindof,abodyof,aspeciesof,apairof+名词作主语时，其动词一般用单数形式例42,AseriesofaccidentshasoccurredrecentlyinAmerica.例43,Apairofnewglassesisquiteexpensive.语法结构1.4.8,事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数例46,TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwaswrittenbyMarkTwainanditisaninterestingbook.例47,TheUnitedNationsisanorganizationtodefendworldpeace.1.4.7,表示数量的短语alotof,anyof,mostof,halfof,twothirdsof,20percentofpartofsomeof,noneof,allof+名词时,动词取决于名词的单复数而定。例44,Mostofthebookisinteresting.例45,Mostofthebooksareinformativethoughalittledull.语法结构2,集体名词作主语时2.1,可以单数也可以复数的名词凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。aclass//classes;afamily//families;agovernment//governments;anarmy//armies;apeople//peoples;agroup//groups;acrowd//crowds;acrew//crews等例48,Abigcrowdoftengathersonthesquareever