高中英语定语从句详解(终极整理版)

WhichoneisHarryPorter??ThehandsomeboyisHarryPorter.单词作定语WhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses句子作定语ThehandsomeboyisHarryPorter.TheboywhoiswearingglassesisHarryPorter.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的_____，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的_____.前面后面一个美丽的女孩abeautifulgirlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩agirlissingingwhoissinging（定语从句，agirl为先行词）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。TheAttributiveClauseTheAttributiveclause定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句先行词引导词(关系词）从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子定语从句分析结构：先行词+引导词+从句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why定语从句：由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词引导词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置做题一般步骤：1.确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词步骤二步骤三Thegirl做主语=who步骤一先行词thegirl，带入从句Sheisthegirl____likessinging.who二、用法:先行词是人whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是物引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词关系副词先行词句中作用省否who人主语/宾语关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom人宾语whose人／物定语that人／物主语／宾语which物主语／宾语When时间状语where地点状语whyreason状语1.连接主句与从句，引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分(主、宾、定语)。关系词的三个作用:注意：关系词的选用由先行词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分决定。1.Sheisthegirl_____canspeakEnglishfluently.2.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.3.Thegirl_______ImetisLucy.4.Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.请填写适当的关系词whowhich/thatwhomwhose(主语)(宾语)(宾语)(定语)Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语②whom作定语从句的宾语(可省略)Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语③that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.④whose作定语从句的定语(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.2.which,that的用法which作定语从句的主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语，可省略可省略3.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday⑥当先行词既有人又有物时。I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.4.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomshetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.主语宾语定语指人whothatwhom（优先）whothatwhose（ofwhom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物thatthatwhose（一）引导定语从句的关系代词27when,where,why关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语whyreason原因状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词•1.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.•2.IrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.•3.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouliedtome?关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich（三）关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代30when•when可用in/on/at/during+which代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.whenwhich31where•where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.Thedictionaryistheonlyplace.2.Successcomesbeforeworkinthedictionary.Thedictionaryistheonlyplaceinwhichsuccesscomesbeforework.只有(努力)工作才会有成功.字面意思是:只有在字典里,成功才出现在工作前面.wherewhich.32ABC1.Americaisthecountry.2.Iwasborninthecountry.AmericaisthecountryinwhichIwasborn.which.whereBBCBeijingisthecityinwhichIwasborn.where=AmericanbornChinese=BeijingbornChinese33why•why可用for+which代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.which.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.why34关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语关系副词在定语从句中作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词•1.首先分清主句和定语从句•2.确定定语从句的先行词•3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）•4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。由Who引导的定语从句，在句中做主语\宾语1、Doyouknowtheman___istalkingwithyourfather?A.whoseB.whoC.which2、Theboys___theteachertalkedtoarefromClassOne.A.whenB.whichC.who3、Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.A.whoB.whichC.whom4.Thegentleman___youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whom5.Thedoctor___youarelookingforisintheroom.A.whomB.whatC.which6.Theteacherfor____youarewaitinghascome.A.whoB.whomC.that由Whom引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用whom7.Achild___parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whose8.Thisbookisforthestudents___native(本国的)languageisnotEnglish.A.thatB.ofwhomC.whose9.Theboy___compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.that由Whose引导的定语从句,在句中做定语10、Hepreferstoeattherice___inthesouth.A.whoisgrownB.whichisgrownC.whenisgrown11、Theknife___Icuttheapplewithcan’tbefound.A.whichB.whoC.what12、Theroomin___therearemanyboo