新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

Unit1GeographicalFeaturesandNaturalResources1.HowmanystatesarethereintheUnitedStates?Andwhichtwostatesaregeographicallyseparatedfromtheothers?(50,Alaska,Hawaii)2.WhatarethegeneralcharactersoftheRockyMountainsandtheAppalachianMountains.1)TothewestofAtlanticcoastalplainlietheAppalachianMountainsthatbegininCanadaandreachallthewaytoGeorgiaandAlabama.Theseareoldmountainswithroundedtopsandwoodedhills,usuallynotexceeding800minheight.Thehighestpointisonly2000mabovethesea.Mostofthemountainridgesarelowenoughtobeeasilycrossedbymodernhighways.TheAppalachianshavemuchbeautifulsceneryandmanytouristresorts.TheOhioandtheTennesseeRiversflowdownthewesternslopesoftheAppalachianstothegreatMississippiRiver,deepintheheartofAmerica.2)TothewestoftheGreatPlainslietheRockyMountains,“thebackboneofthecontinent”.ThesehighmountainsstretchallthewayfromMexicototheArcticandformwhatisknownasContinentalDivide,orGreatDivide,themostimportantwatershedonthecontinent.TheRockiesaremorethantwiceashighastheAppalachiansandhighenoughtoreceivemorerainthanthesurroundingplainsandplateaus.Consequently,theyaremostlyforested.ThestrikingandvariedsceneryoftheRockieshasgivenrisetotheestablishmentofmanynationalparkshere.Theothernaturalwondersincluderoamingherdsofbuffalo,elk,deer,antelopeandsheep,aswellasthefamousgrizzlybear.Chapter2AmericanPopulation1.WhyistheUnitedStatesknownasa“meltingpot”?ItmeansthattheUSiscomposedofimmigrantsfromdifferentnationsallovertheworld.①ThepeopleoftheUSarepredominantlywhite.②ThesecondmostnumerousminorityintheUSweretheblackpeoplewhoseforefatherscamefromAfrica.③AmericanIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsonthecontinent.④Therewereabout50.5millionHispanicsin2010intheUS.TheyaretheSpanish-speakingimmigrantsfromLatinAmericancountries.⑤TheChineseAmericanhaveprovedtobeindustriousandintelligent.2.WhatfactorscausetheAmericanstomovefrequentlywithintheUnitedStates?①Thedesireforeconomicbettermentisgenerallythemostimportantforceinducingmigration.②Geographicdifferenceineconomicopportunity,asreflectedbysuchfactorsasdifferencesinemploymentopportunitiesandearningpowerforworkersanddifferencesintheavailabilityandthepriceoflandforfarmers.③Noneconomicfactors.Suchasclimate,racialattitudes,andfamilytires,influencingmigration.3.WhydomanyAmericansnowmigratefromcitiestosuburbs?①Thewidespreadusesofautomobilesandtheconstructionofexpresshighwaysmadeitpossibleforpeopletolivefartherawayfromtheirjobs.②Thetelephonereducedtheneedforthemtoworkorliveincloseproximitytooneanother.③Suburbanareasofferedmorelivingspacethancities,lowercrimerates,lesspollution,andsuperiorschools.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyarebetterplaceforraisingchildren.Chapter3DiscoveryandColonizationoftheNewWorld1.Discussthepre-ColumbianculturesintheAmericas.1)TheAztecsofMexico2)TheIncasofPeru3)TheIndiansofNorthAmerica4)IndiancontributionstoEuropeanculture:Foods,DrugsandUtilitarianobjects2.WhydidthediscoveriesofNewWorldbeforeColumbusnotexertgreatinfluenceintheworldatthattime?BecauseEuropewasthenpoorandpoliticallyfragmented,Itwasbesetbylocalwarsandcivildisorderandlargelyilliterate.Inshort,EuropewasthenincapableofrespondingtotheNorsediscoveries.3.WhydidsomanyEnglishpeoplemovetotheNewWorldinthe17thcentury?1)TheNewWorldwasagreatandrichland.IntheNewWorldtherewereallthoseresourcesnecessaryforagriculturalandindustrialdevelopment.2)DuringthereignofQueenElizabethI(1588-1603),theEnglishingrowingnumbersrealizedthattheNewWorldwastheirbestplacetomaketheirfortunes,andtoworshipandliveaccordingtotheirbeliefs.3)SomeofthemmightmovetoAmericatoleaveoppressivepoliticalinstitutions,toescapeburdensomechurchduties,toacquirelargelandholdingsormerelytochangetheirgeneralpatternofliving.Ofcourse,materialgainwasacommonfactor.4.Whatwasthesocialstructureofthe13colonies?Societyinthel3colonieswaslikeapyramid.①Thetopwasmadeupofmerchantsandlandlords.②ThebasewasmadeupofrefugeesfromEurope,blackslavesfromAfrica.AndnativeIndians.5.WhydidnottheAmericanIndiansbecomeslavesduringthecolonialdays?AsforIndians,theycouldnotputupwithslavery.IfanIndianwasenslaved,hisfellowtribememberswouldfighttofreehim.Sothecolonialistssoongaveuptheattempttousethemasslavelabor.InsteadtheyseizedthelandoftheIndiansanddrovethemawayorkilledthem.Chapter4AmericanRevolution2.WhathappenedontheeveningofMarch5,1770?AclashbetweenAmericancoloniesandBritishsoldierstookplaceinBoston.①AgroupofunemployedlaborerattackedaBritishsentrystationedattheBostoncustomhouse.②WhentheBritishsoldiersdispatchedtohelpthesentryarrived,theymetarapidlygrowing,angrycrowd.③Someonegavethecommandforthesoldierstofire.④Threecolonieswerekilledandseveralwerewounded,twoofwhomlaterdied.3.HowdidthecoloniesreacttotheTownshendAct?Thecolonies,however,stillrejectedtheideathattheParliamentinBritainhadtherighttotaxthemwithoutconsentandreactedtothesenewdutiesbyrefusingtoimportanyofthetaxedgoods.4.WhatwerethemaincontentsoftheDeclarationofIndependence?①ThePreamble,whichexplainswhytheDeclarationwasissued.②AstatementofprinciplesofgovernmenttowhichtheAmericanpeoplewerecommitted③Alistofinjusticessufferedbythecolonists.④Asummaryofe