KET官方词汇表

KETVocabularyList©UCLES2012VOCABULARYLISTKeyEnglishTest(KET)KeyEnglishTestforSchools(KETfS)©UCLES2012Page2of29KETVocabularyListIntroductiontotheKETVocabularyListTheKETVocabularyListgivesteachersaguidetothevocabularyneededwhenpreparingstudentsfortheKETandKETforSchoolsexaminations.BackgroundtothelistTheKETVocabularyListwasoriginallydevelopedbyCambridgeESOLinconsultationwithexternalconsultantstoguideitemwriterswhoproducematerialsfortheKETexamination.ItdrewonvocabularyfromtheCouncilofEurope’sWaystage(1990)specificationandothervocabularywhichcorpusevidenceshowsishighfrequency.ThelistcoversvocabularyappropriatetotheA2levelontheCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReference(CEFR)andincludesreceptivevocabulary(wordsthatthecandidateisexpectedtounderstandbutwhichisnotthefocusofaquestion)andproductivevocabulary(wordsthatthecandidateneedstoknowinordertoansweraquestion).ThelistdoesnotprovideanexhaustivelistofallwordswhichappearontheKETandKETforSchoolsquestionpapersandcandidatesshouldnotconfinetheirstudyofvocabularytothelistalone.HowthelistisupdatedThevocabularyofEnglishchangesovertime,withwordsbeingaddedandotherwordsfallingintodisuse.Inordertomaintainitscurrency,theKETVocabularyListisupdatedonanannualbasis,withthedecisiontoaddorremovewordsbeinginformedbyreferencetotheCambridgeLearnerCorpusandEnglishVocabularyProfile.TheCambridgeLearnerCorpusisacollectionofover44millionwordsofEnglish,baseduponevidenceoflanguageusebylearnersfromallovertheworldandfromwhichtheEnglishVocabularyProfilehasdeveloped.TheEnglishVocabularyProfileshowsthemostcommonwordsandphrasesthatlearnersofEnglishneedtoknowinBritishorAmericanEnglish.ThemeaningofeachwordorphraseinthewordlistshasbeenassignedalevelbetweenA1andB2ontheCEFR.ApreviewversionoftheEnglishVocabularyProfilecanbeaccessedbyvisitingthewebsite:•WordsetsSomecategoriesofwordsthatalearneratthislevelmightbeexpectedtoknow,e.g.daysoftheweek,arenotincludedinthealphabeticallistbutarelistedinAppendix1.Although‘grammarwords’(pronouns,modalverbs,etc.)areincluded,theLanguageSpecificationssectionoftheKETandKETforSchoolsHandbooks(availablefrom)shouldbeconsultedforamorecompletelisting.•ExemplificationExamplephrasesandsentencesshowinghowwordsmightbeusedaregivenonlywherewordswithdifferentmeaningsneedtobeconstrained.Forexample,bankisfollowedby‘Ichangedmymoneyinabank’–thisshowsthatbankislimitedtotheideaofafinancialinstitution:candidatesarenotexpectedtoknowothermeanings,suchas‘ariverbank’.©UCLES2012Page3of29KETVocabularyList•Multi-wordverbsAllmulti-word(orphrasal)verbsthataKETorKETforSchoolscandidatemightbeexpectedtoknowareincludedinthelist.Theseverbsinclude‘literal’verbs(i.e.wherethemeaningistransparent),e.g.sitdown,gooutand‘non-literal’verbs,e.g.lookafter,getup.•TopiclistsInAppendix2,wordshavebeengroupedtogetherundercommonKETand/orKETforSchoolsthemes,suchas‘FoodandDrink’,‘HouseandHome’and‘Sport’.UnsuitabletopicsCambridgeESOLexaminationsmustnotcontainanythingthatmightoffendorupsetcandidates,potentiallyaffecttheirperformanceordistractthemduringtheexamination.Anumberof‘sensitive’topicsareconsideredunsuitableforuseinKETandKETforSchools,forexamplewarandpolitics,andvocabularyrelatingtotheseisnotincludedintheKETVocabularyList.PersonalvocabularyThecontentoftheKETVocabularyListisgeneralinnatureandisunlikelytocovercompletelytheproductivevocabularythatmayberequiredbycandidates.Candidatesshouldknowthespecificlexistheywillneedtodescribethemselvesandtheirlives,forexamplehobbies,likesanddislikes.AbbreviationsAbbreviationsusedintheKETVocabularyListare:abbrevabbreviationoracronymmvmodalverbadjadjectivennounadvadverbphrvphrasalverbavauxiliaryverbplpluralAmEngAmericanEnglishprepprepositionBrEngBritishEnglishprepphrprepositionalphraseconjconjunctionpronpronoundetdeterminersingsingularexclamexclamationvverbSummaryofpointstobenoted•ThelistdoesnotincludeeverywordthatmayappearonaKETorKETforSchoolspaper.•Thelistcoversreceptiveandproductivevocabulary.•Thelistisupdatedeveryyear.©UCLES2012Page4of29KETVocabularyListAa/an(det)able(adj)•beabletoabout(adv&prep)•Whataboutacolddrink?•Ihaveabout£3.(adv)•abookaboutanimals(prep)above(adv&prep)accident(n)across(adv&prep)•Thebank’sacrosstheroad.•Hewalkedacrossthebridge.act(n&v)activity(n)actor(n)actually(adv)ad(n)•anadonTVadd(v)address(n)adult(adj&n)advanced(adj)adventure(n)advertisement(n)advice(n)aeroplane(n)afraid(adj)after(adv&prep)afternoon(n)afterwards(adv)again(adv)against(prep)•WewatchedEnglandplayagainstFrance.age(n)•Idon’tknowhisage.aged(adj)ago(adv)agree(v)•Yes,Iagreewithyou.•Don’tyouagree,Sam?air(n)•totravelbyairairport(n)alarmclock(n)album(n)all(adv,det&pron)allright/alright(adj,adv&exclam)almost(adv)alone(adj&adv)along(prep)already(adv)alright(adj,adv&exclam)also(adv)always(adv)a.m.(adv)amazing(adj)ambulance(n)among(prep)an(det)and(conj)angry(adj)animal(n)another(det&pron)answer(n&v)any(det&pron)anybody(pron)anymore(adv)anyone(pron)anything(pron)anyway(adv)anywhere(adv)apartment(n)apartmentbuilding(n)apple(n)appointment(n)•anapp