致密储层测试压裂技术分析

致密储层测试压裂技术分析i摘要测试压裂又称小型压裂试验，是通过进行一次或两次以上的小型压裂试验，同时采取与之相配套的工艺技术措施（如阶梯升/降排量，回流，微脉冲，压力降落测试等）。并对压裂所得数据进行分析来获取储层、裂缝的有关参数与射孔孔眼摩阻、近井裂缝弯曲摩阻等，从而制定和修改主压裂设计，科学指导压裂施工及为压裂后评价提供可靠的依据。本文在已有的测试压裂技术分析的研究成果之上，着重介绍了Fracpro-PT参数解释原理并利用Fracpro-PT软件进行压力降落分析，测试压裂分析以及净压力变化曲线的拟合。利用Fracpro-PT压裂软件进行测试压裂或阶梯排量降压力分析，可准确求取地层闭合压力，将求得的闭合压力输入Fracpro-PT压裂软件系统，对小型压裂数据(主要是测压降阶段数据，因为该阶段各项摩阻均为零，特别是通过对带有封隔器的压裂管柱进行压裂时)进行净压力拟合，来确定储层的渗透率、滤失系数与裂缝几何尺寸等参数。在利用实测压力曲线与模拟压力曲线进行拟合的过程中，不断修正输入的地质参数或岩石力学参数，调整出合适的裂缝扩展模型，以指导下步的压裂设计及施工，最终提高压裂设计、施工的整体水平。如今Fracpro-PT软件在进行测试压裂资料分析中得到普遍使用，其适用性、准确性同样得到广泛肯定，随着参数计算方法的不断改进，该技术具有广阔的发展前途。关键词：小型压裂测试净压力拟合压降测试参数解释iiAbstractMini-fraccalibrationtreatmentwasalsoknowedasmini-fracturetest,whichcarriedoutonceortwicemorebyasmallfracturetest,takingcorrespondingmeasuresforsupportingtechnologyatthesametime(Step-rateinjectiontest/Step-downtest,Flowbacktest,Micropulsetest,Pressuredeclinetest.Theparametersforformationandfracture,near-wellborefrictionandpertorationfrictionwerecalculatedbyanalysisforfracturingdata.Usingittodevelopandmodifytheprimaryfracturingdesign,takefracturingconstructioninscienceandprovideareliablebasisfortheevaluationafterfracturing.Intheoriginal,inadditiontoresearchresultsformini-fraccalibrationtreatmentechnicalanalysis,itdescribedthatusingFracpro-PTsoftwaretocarryoutmini-fraccalibrationtreatmentanalysis,pressuredeclineanalysisandfittingvariationalcurvefornetpressure.ItusedFracprofracturingsoftwaretocarryoutanalysisformini-fracturetestorstep-downtest,whichcouldaccuratelycalculateformationclosurepressure,toinputtheclosurepressuretoFracpro-PTsoftwaresystem,forthedataofmini-fracturetest(itismainlypressuredeclinedata,becausethepartsfrictioninthisstagewerezero,especiallyforfracturingstringwithapackerforfracturing),itfitthecurvefornetpressure,todeterminereservoirpermeability,filtrationcoefficientandthefracturegeometryandotherparameters.Indiscussionswithfittingthepressurecurveforactualmeasurementandsimulativepressurecurve,withthecorrectedgeologicparametersandrockmechanicalparameters,orsummarizingdesirablefractureextendedmodelsadjusted,itwastoguidethenextstepinthefracturingdesignandconstruction.toimprovefracturingdesignandconstruction.finally.TodayFracpro-PTfracturingduringthetestdataanalysissoftwarewaswidelyused,TodayFracpro-PTsoftwarewaswidelyusedduringthetestdataanalysis,itsapplicabilityandaccuracywouldalsobegivenwiderecognition,withthecontinuousimprovementoftheparametercalculationmethod,thetechnologyhasabroaddevelopmentprospect.Keywords:mini-fracturetest,fittednetpressure,pressuredeclinetest,argumentexplanation致密储层测试压裂技术分析0目录1绪论........................................................................................................................11.1目的意义........................................................................................................11.1.1测试压裂概述.....................................................................................11.1.2Fracpro-PT压裂软件..........................................................................11.2国内外研究的现状及发展情况....................................................................11.3研究技术方案................................................................................................31.3.1研究内容.............................................................................................31.3.2研究思路.............................................................................................41.3.3技术路线.............................................................................................42测试压裂工艺及解释技术.......................................................................................52.1阶梯升排量测试............................................................................................52.2阶梯降排量测试............................................................................................62.3回流测试........................................................................................................82.4微脉冲测试....................................................................................................92.5压力降落测试..............................................................................................102.5.1裂缝闭合压力及闭合时间的求取...................................................102.5.2地层渗透率的求取...........................................................................113Fracpro-PT软件.......................................................................................................123.1Fracpro-PT软件简介....................................................................................123.2ＰＴ软件参数解释......................................................................................133.2.1压降方程推导...................................................................................133.2.2参数解释原理...................................................................................173.2.3压降实例分析...................................................................................203.3Fracpro-PT软件使用....................................................................................224实例分析.......