高考专项复习---阅读理解技巧

英语阅读理解解题技巧主旨大意型事实细节型词义猜测型命题类阅读理解命题特点：推理判断型一：事实细节型事实细节题干扰项范围过大、过小。干扰项偷换概念。干扰项正误并存，某个分句是正确的。解题方法:原文定位法。1.抓住问题中的关键词，迅速回到原文中找到这一细节2.把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给选项核对，分析，判断，得出答案1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3）Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4）Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：Passage1Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.【解析】答案为D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)×5×1=275【解析】答案为C。根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出C符合图表内容。文章二：词义猜测型定位单词所在的句子，在上下文的情境中判断。做题要领●信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedasAmosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.Desertcanbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.1、定义或解释说明蚊子沙漠2、对比关系信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的3、因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的混浊的•装置4、举例法信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽设备5、重述信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉灌溉有牙齿的6、同义词、近义词信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameasDoctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.有害的圆胖的7、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.麻药波纹膨胀冷缩8.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义例题：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls三：推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：1.Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.2.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?•Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?1.Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?2.Thepassageisintendedto_____.3.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?不要选择表层信息忠实原文：据作者的观点理论，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推理判断型透过现象看本质：领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度。PassageTheconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualmadesound(adj.健康的)personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent(adj.现在的)medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundaries(n.界限)ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary(adj.久坐的，劳心的)lifestylewithoutanyexercise.练习题解释P5Q:Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.文章解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选D。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。文章四:主旨大意题主旨大意题干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。干扰项可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案):据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类主旨题标题类文章主旨段落主旨1.标题类试题常见的题干形式•(1)Thebesttitleforthispassageis.•(2)Thesuitableheadlineforthispassagemaybe•(3)Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis.•(4)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?(体现概括性,避免远离主题)2.文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式•(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?•(2)Thepassagetalksabout...•(3)Thepassagetellsusthat...•(4)Thispassagemainlyde