译林版牛津高中英语模块三unit1-grammar-名词性从句

WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑学习资料分享GRAMMAR――――名词性从句一、定义：名词性从句是由if,whether,that,how和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。二、类型：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句(请说出以下句子中的画线部分在句子中充当的成分)1.Whenwe’llholdthesportsmeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.2.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomanypeople..3.Hewonderifhecouldusemybike.4.Iamthinkingaboutwhowillbegiventhejob.5.Thathehaswonthefirstprizeistrue.6.Myparents’wishisthatIcangotoakeyuniversity.7.Theyarediscussingtheproblemwhethertheyshouldban(禁止)fishinginthelake.8.TheproblemishowIcangetintouchwiththem.9.Itisnotclearwhethershewillattendhiswedding.10.Ihavenoideawhenhewouldreturn.三、用法1、主语从句：在复合句中做主句的主语。引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:A.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)B.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)2.宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语.引导词有连词that(that常可省WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑学习资料分享略),whether,if;代词有who,whose,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:A.Webelieve(that)heishonest.B.Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomebacksoon.C.Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn’tgothere.3、表语从句：在复合句中做主句的表语.引导词有连词that(that不可省),whether;代词有who,what,which;副词when,where,how,why等。如:A.Theproblemisthatwedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.B.ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.C.Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.(如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.)4、同位语从句：在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导词有连that；少数情况下也可用连接副词等。如：A.Thethoughtthatwemightsuccessexcitedus.B.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.C.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.(如果名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形,should可省略.)四、注意1、注意that的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不做任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都做相应的成分并有具体的意思。)①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：A.ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.B.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.C.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑学习资料分享当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：A.Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwhathehadsaid.B.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.C.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.③that从句做主语和宾语时，可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(DItseems/happensthat。如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.2、注意同位语从句和定语从句的区别：A.从句前都有一个名词B.定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中做成分;而在同位语从句中连接词不做成分。C.定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.3、whether和if的用法①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan..③主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑学习资料分享Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.④whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。If表示“如果”时，不能用whether。如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhaveenoughtime,Iwillplayfootball.4、疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致、语序。①宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.②主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.③名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwellmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.6、几个固定句式：WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑学习资料分享①强调句Itis/was+强调部分＋that…….(如果强调部分是疑问词)eg.Whoisitthatspokefirst?Whenwasitthattheycamehere?②关于doubtsb.doubtif/whether…..sb.don’t/doesn’tthat…….Thereisnodoubtthat…….Eg.Thereisnodoubtthathewillwinthegame.③疑问词＋doyouthink+(用陈述句语序)eg.Whodoyouthinkweinvitedtogiveusthetalk?