高考英语阅读理解专项训练

中国权威高考信息资源门户高考英语阅读理解专项训练说理议论类(一)Feelingblueabouttheworld?“Cheerup.”sayssciencewriterMattRidley.“Theworldhasneverbeenabetterplacetolivein,anditwillkeepongettingbetterbothforhumansandfornature.”Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogresstobebothunavoidableandgood.Andthisiswhathe'ssetouttoprovefromauniquepointofviewinhismostrecentbook,TheRationalOptimist.Heviewsmankindasagrandenterprisethat,onthewhole,hasdonelittlebutprogressfor100,000years.Hebackshisfindingswithhardfactsgatheredthroughyearsofresearch.Here'showheexplainshisviews.1)ShoppingfuelsinventionItisreportedthattherearemorethantenbilliondifferentproductsforsaleinLondonalone.Evenallowingforthemanypeoplewhostillliveinpoverty,ourowngenerationhasaccesstomorenutritiousfood,moreconvenienttransport,biggerhouses,bettercars,and,ofcourse,morepoundsanddollarsthananywholivedbeforeus.Thiswillcontinueaslongasweusethesethingstomakeotherthings.Themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe'llbe.2)BrilliantadvancesOnereasonwearericher,healthier,taller,cleverer,longer??livedandfreerthaneverbeforeisthatthefourmostbasichumanneeds—food,clothing,fuelandshelter—havegrownalotcheaper.Takeoneexample.In1800acandleprovidingonehour'slightcostsixhours'work.Inthe1880sthesamelightfromanoillamptook15minutes'worktopayfor.In1950itwaseightseconds.Todayit'shalfsecond.3)Let'snotkillourselvesforclimatechangeMitigating(减轻)climatechangecouldprovejustasdamagingtohumanwelfareasclimatechangeitself.Achildthatdiesfromindoorsmokeinavillage,wheretheuseoffossil??fuel(化石燃料)electricityisforbiddenbywell??meaningmembersofgreenpoliticalmovementstryingtosavetheworld,isjustasgreatatragedyasachildthatdiesinafloodcausedbyclimatechange.Ifclimatechangeprovestobemild,butcuttingcarboncausesreal中国权威高考信息资源门户(止血带)aroundournecks.1.WhatisthethemeofRidley'smostrecentbook?A.Weaknessofhumannature.B.Concernaboutclimatechange.C.Importanceofpracticalthinking.D.Optimismabouthumanprogress.2.HowdoesRidleylookatshopping?A.Itencouragesthecreationofthings.B.Itresultsinshortageofgoods.C.Itdemandsmorefossilfuels.D.Itcausesapovertyproblem.3.Thecandleandlampexampleisusedtoshowthat________.A.oillampsgiveoffmorelightthancandlesB.shorteningworkingtimebringsaboutahappierlifeC.advancedtechnologyhelpstoproducebettercandlesD.increasedproductionrateleadstolowercostofgoods4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassageimply?A.Cuttingcarbonisnecessaryinspiteofthehugecost.B.Overreactiontoclimatechangemaybedangerous.C.People'shealthiscloselyrelatedtoclimatechange.D.Carelessmedicaltreatmentmaycausegreatpain.答案与解析中国权威高考信息资源门户．D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Ridleycallshimselfarationaloptimist—rational,becausehe'scarefullyweighedtheevidence;optimistic,becausethatevidenceshowshumanprogress...”Ridley自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。这就是他在近期的一本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题。故此处D项正确。2．A推理判断题。根据第一个小标题题目“Shoppingfuelsinvention”以及其内容最后一句“Themorewespecializeandexchange,thebetteroffwe'llbe.”可知，购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，这种情况越多，我们将会越富有。故此处A项正确。3．D细节理解题。从第二个标题内容可知，我们生活远比以前富裕，健康，长寿，人也长得高了，也比以前聪明了，其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述，故此处D项正确。4.B推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血。此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在危险。故B项正确。(二)Inbusiness,there'saspeeddifference:It'sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantafirm'sleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitive(竞争的)strategy(策略)andhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchosetogo,go,gototrytogain_an_edgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack.What'smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup”improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree??yearperiod.Howdidtheydisobeythe_laws_of_business_physics,_takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationalspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue)．Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower??qualityproductsand中国权威高考信息资源门户(相比而言),performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn'tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,ar