英语语态-全

英语语态（一）语态英语动词有两种语态：•主动语态(TheActiveVoice)•被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)语态•A.主动语态(TheActiveVoice)表示主语是动作的执行者。Wefinishedthework.•B.被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)表示主语是动作的承受着。Theworkwasfinishedbyus.•注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态。被动语态：由助动词be+Vp.p（动词过去分词）构成1）时态通过be表现，be动词随时态、人称的变化而变化，如：am/is/are+V(过去分词）was/were+V(过去分词）willbe+V(过去分词）被动语态被动语态：由助动词be+Vp.p（动词过去分词）构成2）过去分词的变化规则：a.规则动词的过去分词：a)一般情况在动词原形后加-edplay---playedb)以不发音e结尾的加-dpractice---practicedc)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-edstudy---studiedd)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop---stoppedb.不规则动词的过去分词（多记，多累积）amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone被动语态：由助动词be+Vp.p（动词过去分词）构成2）过去分词的变化规则：被动语态Theyplanttreesinspring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesareplantedbythem被动语态的转换inspring.被动语态Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.被动语态的转换被动语态Hisbrotherwasheshandseveryday.主谓宾(受动者)Handsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.被动语态的转换主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。被动语态1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语及动宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.Theyboughtacarlastyear．Acarwasbought(bythem)lastyear.一般过去时：S(主语）+was/were+过去分词3．TinacantakecareofGina．GinacanbetakencareofbyTina.情态动词：S(主语）+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成(一）1)一般现在时：Youareaskedtodothis.2)一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3)情态动词：Theworkcanbefinishedsmoothly.时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V(原形)/V(e)sam/is/are+Vp.p.一般过去时V-edwas/were+Vp.p.情态动词情态动词+V(原形)情态动词+be+Vp.p.各种时态的被动语态构成(一）被动语态英语语态（二）主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。被动语态各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：情态动词：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在完成时：过去进行时：S+am/is/are+P.P.S+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+am/is/are+being+P.P.S+have/has+been+P.P.S+was/were+being+P.P.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词Theworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbytheworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Wehavemadefortykeys．Fortykeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词1.行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。Footballisplayedallovertheworld．全世界都踢足球。2.不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。何时使用被动语态呢？3.汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。Itissaidthathefallsinlovewithher.ItwasreportedthatshediedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…何时使用被动语态呢？4.汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。TinaisaskedtocomebyDavid．Tina是被David叫来的。5.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。HewasborninOctober，2019．何时使用被动语态呢？不可用被动语态的情况1.某些表示状态或关系的及物动词常见:cost（花费）,become（适合）have（有）,hold（容纳）lack（缺乏）,last（维持）possess（拥有）,equal（等于）contain（包括）,own（占有）belongto（属于）,consistof（包含）等Thenewlybuiltschoolholds3,000people.新建的学校容纳3000人。2.反身代词或相互代词作宾语的主动句通常无被动结构。Thedoctordedicatedhimselftofindingacureforthedisease.这位医生一生致力于发现治疗这种疾病的方法Theycouldhardlyseeeachotherinthedarkness.在黑暗中他们彼此几乎看不见对方。不可用被动语态的情况1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned变被动语态3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.Theticketwasfoundwastold变被动语态5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused变被动语态7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished变被动语态9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous变被动语态10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone变被动语态12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken变被动语态14.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem变被动语态1)Teenagersshould_____(allow)togooutatnight.2)Thetelephone_____(invent)byBell.3)English____(speak)inChina.4)Thecar____(make)inChina.5)Theroommust_____(clean)everyday.beallowedwasinventedisspokenismadebecleaned变被动语态