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-1-合成词的构成合成名词1)合成名词数量最多,其中大多数由名词+名词构成:airconditioner空调机airraid空袭alarmclock闹钟armsrace军备竞赛assemblyline装配线baby-sitter看孩子的人bankaccount银行账户birthcontrol节制生育blooddonor献血者bloodpressure血压bookcase书柜bookmark书签braindrain人才流失burglaralarm防盗警报器busstop公共汽车站canopener开罐器carpark停车场contactlens隐形眼镜corporalpunishment体罚cottonwool药棉creditcard信用卡deathpenalty死刑estateagent地产经纪人fancydress(ball)化装舞会generationgap代沟greenhouseeffect温室效应healthcenter医疗中心heartattack心脏病发作heartfailure心力衰竭hirepurchase分期付款incometax所得税laborforce劳动力labormarket劳动市场letter-box信箱mailorder邮购定单mineralwater矿泉水mother-tongue母语nailvarnish指甲油newsbulletin新闻公报packageholiday一揽子度假计划penfriend笔友pocketmoney零用钱policestation警察分局postoffice邮局signlanguage手语sodawater苏打水,汽水soundbarrier音障tabletennis乒乓球teabag袋泡茶tea-table茶几telephonenumber电话号码toiletpaper卫生纸unemploymentbenefit失业救济金welfarestate福利国家X-rayX光youthhostel青年旅舍2)也有不少合成名词由形容词+名词组成:centralbank中央银行civilrights公民权力compactdisc激光唱盘currentaffairs时事drycleaning干洗fastfood快餐first-aid急救Frenchfries炸薯条generalknowledge人所共知的事generalpublic公众highereducation高等教育highheels高跟(鞋)highjump跳高highschool中学humanbeing人humanrights人权industrialrelations劳资关系modernlanguages现代语言musicalinstrument乐器naturalhistory自然历史naturalresources自然资源nervousbreakdown神经失常oldage老年oldhand老手openair露天openletter公开信personalcomputer个人电脑polarbear白熊,北极熊publicsector公营部门remotecontrol遥控socialsecurity社会保险socialservices社会服务(事业)socialstudies社会研究socialwork(er)社会工作(者)solarsystem太阳系stainlesssteel不锈钢vocalcord声带yellowpages(电话簿)黄页部分3)有些合成词由动词的-ing形式和另一词构成,如:a.diningroom餐厅drawingpin图钉drivinglicense驾驶执照fryingpan煎锅sleepingbag睡袋parkingmeter停车计时器swimmingpool游泳池washingmachine洗衣机washingpowder洗衣粉writingpaper信纸-2-b.air-conditioning空调centralheating集中供暖dataprocessing数据处理familyplanning计划生育foodpoisoning食物中毒sighting-seeing观光weightlifting举重window-shopping逛商店windsurfing风帆冲浪zebracrossing斑马线(人行横道)4)还有些合成名词以其他方式或三个词构成:by-product副产品comrade-in-arms战友cover-up掩盖事实fork-lifttruck叉车looker-on旁观者open-parent-family单亲家庭air-trafficcontrol空中交通管理do-it-yourself自己动手(手册)women’smovement妇女运动turnover营业额hocus-pocus愚弄手法jibbery-pockery骗局show-off爱卖弄的人passer-by路旁经过的人birdofprey猛禽bride-to-be准新郎bring-and-buysale慈善性义卖merry-go-round旋转木马pickpocket扒手break-water防波堤take-off起飞go-between中间人breakthrough突破get-together联欢会downfall垮台outbreak爆发well-being福利back-seatdriver指手画脚瞎指挥者good-for-nothing不中用的人touch-me-not凤仙花commander-in-chief总司令editor-in-chief总编合成形容词构词形式有多种多样,其中合成形容词也是一种。合成形容词由连字符把两个或两个以上的词连接起来,用作定语。如:asouth-facingwindow,adried-upriver,atwelve-year-oldgirl。现将常见的合成形容词配以例句分类归纳如下:1.形容词+名词+edPeoplehadcometolovehimasaninspiringleaderandawisewarm-hearted,honestman.他(林肯)作为一位具有感召力的领袖,又是一个聪明、热情和诚实的人,人民开始爱戴他。Butforacold-bloodedcreaturesuchasafrogorasnakeitisadifferentmatter.但是对于冷血动物,诸如青蛙或蛇,情况就不同了。又如:abad-temperedman一个坏脾气的人;aleft-handedman一个左撇子;2.名词+过去分词Manycountrieshavesetupman-madesatellitestocircletheearth.许多国家已发射了人造卫星环绕地球。Shecriedattheheart-brokennews.知道这个令人心碎的消息,她嚎啕大哭起来。又如:awater-coveredfield一片水田;hand-madeworks手工制品;……3.副词+过去分词TherehereceivedaletterinvitinghimtogototheUnitedStatestoteachatawell-knownresearchinstituteatPrinceton.在那里,他收到一封信,邀请他到美国普林斯顿一家著名的研究院去教书。Dozensofbetter-trainedpersonshadbeenturneddownbeforeme.在我之前已经有了几十个比我受过更好训练的人都没有被录用。又如:aquickly-curedpatient一个很快治愈的病人;ahighly-developedin-dustry高度发展的工业;……4.名词+现在分词Theeyesofmillionsoffreedom-lovingCanadians,Americans,andEnglish-menareturnedtotheEast….千百万爱好自由的加拿大人、美国人和英国人都望着东方……。又如:earth-shakingchanges翻天覆地的变化;aman-eatingsociety一个吃人的社会;……5.形容词+现在分词Hewasanordinary-lookinglittlemanwiththickglasses.他是个身材不高、相貌平常、戴着深度眼镜的人。Hereasy-goingnaturemadeherpopular.她那随和的天性赢得大家的喜爱。又如:afamiliar-soundingname听起来熟悉的名字,anill-fittingdress一件不合身的衣服;……6.副词+现在分词Shewasasimple,practicalandhard-workingwoman.她是个衣着朴素、实事求是而又勤劳的妇女。Thegovernmenthasmademanyfar-reachingdecisions.政府已作出许多意义深远的决定。又如:never-endingdispute无休止的辩论,fast-spreadingrumours快速流传的谣言;……7.数词+名词或形容词I'dliketoseeyourten-speedbicycle.我很想看看你的十速自行车。-3-Eachstudentgavethewaiteraten-dollarnote.每个学生都递给那侍者一张十美元的钞票。又如:asecond-handbookstore一家旧书店;a100-metredash一百米赛跑;asix-storeyedbuilding一座六层楼房子;8.名词+形容词或形容词+名词AlthoughPrinceton,NewJersey,hasaworld-famousuniversity,itisstillasmallquiettown.新泽西州普林斯顿虽有一所世界闻名的大学,但仍是一个安静的小城镇。Nowtherearefast-foodrestaurantsincountriesallovertheworld.现在世界各国都有快餐店。又如:afull-timejob一项专职工作;awater-tight-boot一只雨靴;9.一些固定的短语或习语Wehaveboughtanup-to-dateofficecomputer.我们购置了一台最新式的办公室用的计算机。Hecamefromawell-to-dofamily.他出身于小康之家。又如:anout-of-datemodel一套过时模式;anout-of-printbook一本绝版本;anout-of-the-wayvillage一个荒僻的村庄;atouch-and-gosituation一触即发的形势;anon-the-spotinvestigation一次现场调查。10.由名词与名词、代词与代词、副词与副词构成合成形容词HaveyouboughtanEnglish-ChineseDictionary?你买英汉词典了吗?Theywenttosuch-and-suchaplace.他们去某某一个地方了。Hetalkedoffar-awayplacesandexperiences.他谈到了一些遥远的地方及其经历。又如:aheart-to-hearttalk一次推心置腹的谈话;anout-and-outliar一个十足的说谎大王;……以上是合成形容词的常见构成形式。假如初学者用这些词多造句,定会有所裨益。下面总结常见词汇如下:1)合成形容词很多由过去分词或带-ed词尾的词构成,如:absent-minded心不在焉的air-conditioned有空调的bow-legged弓形腿的breast-fed吃人奶长大的broken-hearted心碎的clean-shaved胡子刮得很干净clear-cut明确的cold-blooded冷血的deep-seated牢固的double-barreled双筒的(猎枪)double-breasted双排扣的duty-bound义不容辞的far-fetched牵强的full-bl
本文标题:合成词的构成
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