罗伯特·弗罗斯特的人生及作品

RobertFrost(1874--1963)LifeandWritingCareerwasborninSanFrancisco,buthecameofNewEnglandstockHisancestorsforninegenerationslivedinMassachusetts.Whenhewas10yearsold,hisfatherdied.movedbacktoNewEnglandwherehismothertaughttoearnaliving.Frostenteredcollegetwice,onceinHarvardUniversity.Afterhegotmarried,hedidvariousjobsinordertosupportthefamily.Hetaughtandfarmedfor12years.NatureandruralsurroundingsbecameforFrostasourceforinsightsintodeeperdesignoflife.Heoncesaid:Literaturebeginswithgeography.Frost'smanuscriptofapoemfromABoy'sWill(1915)FrostinFranconia,N.H.,1915LifeandWritingCareerThenhemovedtoEngland,wherehepublishedhisfirstbookofpoems:ABoy’sWillattheageof39.In1912FrostsoldhisfarmandtookhiswifeandfouryoungchildrentoEngland..'1914ItwasfollowedbyNORTHBOSTON(1914),whichgainedinternationalreputation.ThecollectioncontainssomeofFrost'sbest-knownpoems:'MendingWall,''TheDeathoftheHiredMan,''HomeBurial,''AServanttoServants,''AfterApple-Picking,'and'TheWood-Pile.‘Thepoems,writtenwithblankverseorlooserfreeverseofdialogue,weredrawnfromhisownlife,recurrentlosses,everydaytasks,andhisloneliness.Withthegreatsuccess,hewentbacktoU.S.AandsettledonaNewHampshirefarm.ContinuedhispoetrywritingandbecameaprofessoratHarvard.Hismainworksinclude:MountainInterval(山间)，West-RunningBrook(西流的小溪)Intheclearing(林间空地)awardedPulitzerPrizeforfourtimes1920Hiswifediedin1938andhelostfourofhischildren.Twoofhisdaughterssufferedmentalbreakdowns,andhissonCarol,afrustratedpoetandfarmer,committedsuicide.Frostalsosufferedfromdepressionandthecontinualself-doubtledhimtoclingtothedesiretobeawardedtheNobelPrizeforliterature.Afterthedeathofhiswife,FrostbecamestronglyattractedtoKayMorrison,whomheemployedashissecretaryandadviser.Frostalsocomposedforheroneofhisfinestlovepoems,'AWitnessTree.'TheRoadNotTakenTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,AndsorryIcouldnottravelbothAndbetraveler,longIstoodAndlookeddownoneasfarasIcouldTowhereitbentintheundergrowth;Thentooktheother,asjustasfair,Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaims,Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;ThoughasforthatpassingthereHadwornthemreallyaboutthesameAndboththatmorningequallylayInleavesnostephadtroddenblack.Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.IshallbetellingthiswithasighSomewhereagesandageshence:Tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI—Itooktheonelesstraveledby,Andthathasmadeallthedifference.Themes:无限美景在险峰世上本没有路，走的人多了变成了路。路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。“人，最宝贵的是生命。生命对每个人只有一次。这仅有的一次生命应当怎样度过呢？每当回忆往事的时候，能够不为虚度年华而悔恨，不因碌碌无为而羞耻；在临死的时候，他能够说：‘我的整个生命和全部精力，都已经献给了世界上最壮丽的事业为人类解放而进行的斗争.”Structure:eachhasarhymeschemeofabaabFireandIceFire—desireIce—hateMendingWall1.Whatkindsofwallscanyouseeinourdailylife?2.Whatarewalledoutandwhatarewalledin?3.Doyouagreethat“goodfencesmakegoodneighbors.”?Thestrengthof'MendingWall',oneofFrost'smostoftenquotedpoems,restsuponacontradiction.Itstwofamouslinesopposeeachother.Thepoemmaintainsthat:'Somethingthereisthatdoesn'tloveawall.'Butitalsoinsists:'Goodfencesmakegoodneighbours.'Thecontradictionislogical,fortheopposingstatementsareutteredbytwodifferenttypesofpeopleandbothareright.Mancannotlivewithoutwalls,boundaries,limitsandparticularlyself-limitations;yetheresentsallbondsandishappyatthedownfallofanybarrier.In'MendingWall'theboundarylineisuseless:'Therewhereitiswedonotneedthewall.'And,toemphasizethepoint,thespeakeraddsplayfully:'HeisallpineandIamappleorchard.MyappletreeswillnevergetacrossAndeattheconesunderhispines,Itellhim.'Somereadershavefoundfar-reachingimplicationsinthispoem.Theyhavefoundthatitstatesoneofthegreatestproblemsofourtime:whethernationalwallsshouldbemadestrongerforourprotection,orwhethertheyshouldbeletdown,sincetheycrampourprogresstowardunderstandingandeventualbrotherhood.Otherreadershaveread'MendingWall'asasymbolicpoem.Inthevoicesofthetwomentheyounger,'new-fashioned'speakerandtheold-fashionedfarmerwhoreplieswithhisonedeterminedsentence,hisinheritedmaxim---somereadersheartheclashoftwoforces:thespiritofrevolt,whichchallengestradition,andthespiritofrestraint,whichinsiststhatconventionsmustbeupheld,builtupandcontinuallyrebuilt,asamatterofprinciple.Thecontradictionistheheartofthepoem.Itanswersitselfintheparadoxofpeople,inneighborsandcompetitors,inthecontradictorynatureofman.Frost’swritingfeatures1.Focusonmentalconflictsofmodernmen,unlikethemodernpoets,theyreflectedtheincapability,weariness,boringness,andsoon.Frostdoesnotdeprivethenaturalcolortotally.Heisdifferent,givingusbeautifulimagesaboutmodernmenandnature.2.regionalpoeta.localcolor,newEnglandsceneryb.closelyconcernedaboutfarmers’life,naturec.wroteinaverytraditionalway,languageisalwaysconversationalthemesHeismoreconcernedwithhiscontemplationonnature,andtherelationshipbetweennatureandman.Thesethematicconcernsincludethebeauty,terrorandtragedyinnature,aswellasthelonelinessandpovertyoftheisolatedhumanbeing.3.philosophicalpoetFrost’ssubjectmatterwasNewEnglandlifeandfarming,butunderneaththedescriptionsofcountrylifethereisoftenadeeperandwidermeaning,someexperienceandtruthaboutlife.Whenheisexpressinghisthought,heisnotveryradical,butneu