Edgar-Allen-Poe-and-The-Raven

EdgarAllenPoe坡(1809—1849)E.A.Poe(1809—1849)Poe’smotherImportantPoints•1.Poe’smajorworks.•2.Poe’sliterarycharacteristicsandachievementsIntroductionamiserablechildhoodwasadoptedbyJohnAllananunhappyrelationshipenteredtheUniversitybutdidn’tfinishwenttoWestPointbutwasdismissedat27hemarriedhis13-year-oldcousinherdeathin1847lefthimabittererlifediedinmysteriouscircumstances,in1849IntroductionavillainwithnovirtueanevilgeniusEmerson:thejinglemanWhitman:“itsnarrowrangeandunhealthy,luridquality”(不丰富的选材和不健康、可怕的质量)HewasunderstoodbycriticsandotherwritersinAmerica.IntroductionPoeenjoyedrespectandwelcomeinEuropeHisreputationwasfirstmadeinFranceToday,hisworksarereadwithappreciationandunderstanding.Poe'sinfluencewasconsiderableinSpain,Italy,GermanyandRussia.IntroductionShaw’sevaluationofPoe'sachievementacritic,apoet，ashortstorywriterthegreatestjournalisticcriticofhistimehispoetryis“exquisitelyrefined“(精致优雅)histalesarecompleteworksofartagreatwriteroffiction,apoetofthefirstrank,andacriticofinsightPoe’sMajorLiteraryWorks1)“TheRaven”《乌鸦》poems2)“AnnableLee”《安娜贝尔·李》3)“TheSleeper”《睡梦人》4)“ADreamWithinaDream”《梦中梦》5)“Sonnet—ToScience”《十四行诗—致科学》6)“ToHelen”《致海伦》7)“TheCityintheSea”《海中的城市》earlierentitledTheDoomedCity《衰败的城市》TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque«述异集»acollectionofshortstoriestalestwokindsHorrorRatiocination（推理）“TheMurdersintheRueMorgue”《莫格街谋杀案》“TheGoldBug”《金甲虫》“TheBlackCat”《黑猫》“TheCaskofAmontillado”（红色死亡假面舞会）“Ligeia”《莉盖亚》“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”“ThePurloinedLetter”《被窃的信件》“TheMysteryofMarieRoget”《玛丽罗杰谜案》worksThePhilosophyofComposition《创作原理》ThePoeticPrinciple《诗歌原则》LiterarytheoryThemes1.death–predominanttheme2.horror“Poeisnotinterestedinanythingalive.EverythinginPoe’swritingsisdead.”3.negativethoughtsofsciencePoe’stheoryforpoetrypoemsshortbutachievemaximumeffectproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereaderpure“,nottomoralizeHestressesrhythminsistsonaneven(规则的)metricalflow真实能够满足人的理智,感情能够满足人的心灵,而美则能激动人的灵魂Poe’stheoryforshortstoryShortstoryshouldbeofbrevity,totality,singleeffect,compression(压缩)andfinality.Poe’sachievement1.Hisaesthetics,hiscallfortherhythmicalcreationofbeautyhaveinfluencedFrenchsymbolistsandthedevoteesofartforart'ssake.2.Heisthefatherofpsychoanalytic(心理分析的)criticism.3.Heisthefatherofthedetectivestory.TheanalysisofsomeimagesinTheRavenEdgarAllanPoeTheravenandthedemonBackgroundsofTheRavenVirginia,Poe’swife,diedoftuberculosisatonly24.PoewrotethispoemduringherillnessofTBwhenhefeltshewoulddiesomedaybecauseTB,atthattime,wasaincurabledisease.ProfessorDavidReinconsideredthebeautifulSarahElmiraRoyster,Poe’sneighbor,wastheprototypeoftheLenore.TheylovedeachotherwhenPoewasyoung,butSarah’sfatheropposedthem,sotheywerepitifullytakenapart.Andthat’sthelostbeauty.Maybeit’sthereasonwhyPoeghastlyscaredhisfriendsorwecansayhiswifewouldleave.KeypointsofTheRaven1)IttookPoefouryearstocompletethispoem.Itwasfirstpublishedin1845andrevisedseveraltimesinlatereditions.2)Poecitedthispoemasanexamplein“ThePhilosophyofComposition”toshowhowapoemshouldbecomposed.ThispoemcorrespondstoPoe’sbasicprinciplesofpoetrywriting.3)Itisanelegy,expressingthesorroworgriefoversomebody’ssuddendeath.4)Itisnotlong,108lines,readableatonesitting.5)Thepoeticthemeisthelamentationoverthedeathofabeautifulwoman.6)Thegeneraltoneofthepoemismelancholy.7)Itreadsveryrhythmical,withdifferentvarietiesofrhymes.8)Thepoemiscomposedof18six-linestanzas,thefirstfivelinesbeingtrochaicoctameter,andthesixthlineatrochaictetrameter.9)Therepetitionofthe//soundattheendofdifferentrhymesandtherefrain(linesrepeatedattheendofstanzasorapoemforexpressiveeffect),“nevermore”,suggestmourningandgrief.10)TherhymingschemeofthepoemisabcbbbSomeImportantImagesCanyoutellussomepoemsrelatedtotheraven?(inChinese)Andwhatdoyouthinktheimage-ravenshowsus?乌鸦诗秋思马致远枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。秋思白朴孤村落日残霞,轻烟老树寒鸦一点飞虹影下,青山绿水,白草红叶黄花。MeaningchangingActuallybeforeTangdynastytheravenhadameaningofluckandpeoplethoughttheywereprophets,butafterTangtheravenhasbecomeanill-omensymbolizingloneliness,mystery,sadnessandevendeathwhichissimilartotheimageinTheRaven.乌鸦在中国传统文化中的形象：在唐代以前，乌鸦在中国民俗文化中是有吉祥和预言作用的神鸟，有“乌鸦报喜，始有周兴”的历史常识传说，汉董仲舒在《春秋繁露·同类相动》中引《尚书传》：“周将兴时，有大赤乌衔谷之种而集王屋之上，武王喜，诸大夫皆喜。”古代史籍《淮南子》《左传》《史记》也均有名篇记载。唐代以后，方有乌鸦主凶兆的学说出现，唐段成式《酉阳杂俎》：“乌鸣地上无好音。人临行，乌鸣而前行，多喜。此旧占所不载。”无论是凶是吉，“乌鸦反哺，羔羊跪乳”是儒家以自然界的的动物形象来教化人们“孝”和“礼”的一贯说法，因此乌鸦的“孝鸟”形象是几千年来一脉相传的。《本草纲目·禽·慈鸟》中称：“此乌初生，母哺六十日，长则反哺六十日，可谓慈孝矣。”但乌鸦是否真的具有这种习性，还有待现代人的研究和观察证实。TheravenRaven:akindofominousbirdthatsymbolizesdeathWithwholeblackfeathers,theraven,almostinsilenceexceptsayingoneword-nevermore,seemedtobeagrimghostfromtheNight’sPlutonianshore,Theunluckybirdmadethespeakerscarcelyworriedthathisfriendswouldleavehimagainandhishopeswouldbreak.Italsobeguiledhimintoanillusionofforgettingpain,buteventuallytheravenlikeademoncausedthespeaker’ssoullifted-nevermore.theNight'sPlutonianshore:黑夜中的的冥界的冥界海岸WhydidPoeusedanon-humancreaturetouttertheword?Firstly,thehumancouldanswerthequestionreasonably.That’simpossibletoclaspalostbeauty,Secondly,thepainfuldialoguebetweenthespeakerandtheravenshowsushisendlesssuffe