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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 初中定语从句和宾语从句
定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。↓↘引导词↓先行词从句(定语从句)Thisisthemostinterestingbookthathehaseverread.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。↓↘引导词↓先行词从句(定语从句)考点1:先行词是人时引导词的选用(1).先行词是人,引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that.如:Herecomesthemanwho(that)wantstoseeyou.想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是theman,引导词后紧跟动词wants,故引导词用who/that)(2).先行词是人,引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who,whom,that.如:Thisisthepersonwhom(who,that)youarelookingfor.这正是你要找的人。(先行词是theperson,引导词后紧跟的是you,不是动词,故引导词可用who/whom/that)考点2:先行词是物时引导词的选用(1).先行词是物时,一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如:Marylikemusicthat(which)isquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music,引导词可用which/that)Thefilmwhich(that)wesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film,引导词可用which/that)(2).以下情况,引导词只能用that,不能用which.①.当先行词是不定代词(anything,everything,nothing,something,few,all,little等)时,引导词只用that。HaveyouwrittendowneverythingthatMr.Linhassaid?你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.能做的所有事情都己经做了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。②.当先行词由以下词修饰时,引导词只用that.这些词有:only,very,thesame,thelast,all,any,some,no,little,few等。如:ThatistheverydressthatIwanttobuy.那正是我要买的裙子。EnglishistheonlysubjectthatIlike.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。CleaningtheroomagainisthelastthingthatIcandoforyou.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,引导词只用that.ThisisthefifthschoolthatIhavetaughtsofar.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr.Li’sclassisthemostinterestingonethatIhaveeverhad.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。④.当先行词有人又有物时,只能用that。如:Canyourememberthewriterandhisbooksthatwehavereported?拓展知识考点3:先行词是时间,地点,原因时引导词的选用(1).先行词是时间,地点,原因并在从句中作状语时,引导词分别用when,where,why,也可以用介词+which结构。如:Iwantedtoknowthedaywhenhewasborn.=Iwantedtoknowthedayonwhichhewasborn.我想知道他出生在哪一天。Hestilllovedtheschoolwherewestudiedtogethertwoyearsago.=Hestilllovedtheschoolinwhichwestudiedtogethertwoyearsago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?你知道他迟到的原因吗?(2).先行词是时间,地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时,引导词用which或者that。如:Irememberthedayswhich(that)wespentonthefarm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。LuMingstudiesintheschoolwhich(that)wasbuilt1yearsago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。考点4:引导词前有介词时,先行词是人,引导词只能用whom,先行词是事物时,引导词只用which。如:ThisisthefriendtowhomItalkalot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。JackystayedintheroominwhichLuXunoncelived.杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。考点5:先行词是代词时,先判断其指代人还是指代物,再决定用哪个引导词。如:Idon’tlikethosewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。Thesleepingtigersarebiggerthanthosewhicharetrainedthere.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。宾语从句宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如:Rosesaidshewouldvisitussometimenextweek.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。↓↓主句从句(宾语从句)Couldyoutellmewhereheisfrom?你能告诉我他来自哪里吗?↓↓主句从句(宾语从句)考点1:引导词的选用(1).陈述句的引导词用that,常可省略。IamgoingtomeetmynetfriendsinGuangzhou.Hesaid.→HesaidthathewasgoingtomeethisnetfriendsinGuangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。(2).一般疑问句的引导词用if/whether(是否)。(后有or时只用whether)Wouldyouliketoplaybasketballwithme?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldliketoplaybasketballwithhim.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Isitafasttrainoraslowlyone?Iwantedtoknow.→Iwantedtoknowwhetheritwasafasttrainoraslowlyone.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。(3).特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。Howoldareyou?Theywanttoknow.→Theywanttoknowhowoldyouare.他们想知道你多大年纪了。Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?Heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodothisafternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2:语序(宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序,即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后)HeaskedJane:“Whydon’tyoucome”?疑问语序(第1助动词don’t在主语you之前)HeaskedJanewhyshedidn’tcomelastnight.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t在主语you之后)LucywantedtoknowifIcouldmakeacakeforyou.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊:①.What’swrongwith…在宾语从句中不变语序。如:Iwanttoknowwhat’swrongwithyou.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引导词在从句中做主语时,语序不变。如:Jackaskedmewhowouldgiveusthelecturethisafternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。(who是引导词,在宾语从句中作动词wouldgive的主语,本身己是陈述语序,不需再变。)考点3:时态(主句从句在时态上要一致)(1).主句是现在时(一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。“Johnspeakshighlyofyou.”Tomtellsme.→TomtellsmethatJohnspeakshighlyofme.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells,是一般现在时,从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)HeaskedJanewhyshedidn’tcomelastnight.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t在主语you之后)LucywantedtoknowifIcouldmakeacakeforyou.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。(2).主句是过去时(一般过去时,过去进行时),从句只用过去某种相应时态。“Whenshallwehavethemeeting?”Theboyasked.→Theboyaskedwhentheyshouldhavethemeeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked,是一般过去时,从句用相应的某种过去时,这里shall→should)(3).从句表示客观真理或事实时,主句即使用过去时,从句仍然用一般现在时。“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Theteachertoldthestudents.→Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。(主句用told,为一般过去时,但从句中theearthgoesaroundthesun是客观事实,所以时态还用一般现在时,不用变)Jimaskedmewhetherthelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.考点4:宾语从句答题技巧(逐步排除法)先用语序判断,再用时态求证,如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定)如:()–Everyonewantedtoknow_______________yesterday.Couldyoutellus,Ann?–Bybus,ofcourse.Itwastoofaraway.A.howoldareyouB.whereyouwillgoC.howyouwentthereD.whyyouwerelate先从语序判断,把A给排除了,再用时态去求证,主句用wanted,是一般过去时,从句该用过去的某种时态,从这一点考虑,把B给排除了,用引导词及意思判断,她的答语是Bybus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。
本文标题:初中定语从句和宾语从句
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