高考英语-阅读理解-main-idea-解题-策略-指导

Differentquestionsofreadingcomprehension•Questionsofdetails细节理解题•Questionsofguessingwords词义猜测题•Questionsofmainidea主旨归纳题•Questionsofinference推理判断题A.What’sthemainsubjectofthearticle?B.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?C.Thebesttitleforthepassageis____.D.Allthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept___.E.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards…?F.Thispassagemainlyshows___.G.Wemayinferfromthepassagethat…H.Fromthecontext,thephrase…mainlyreferto___.I.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?J.What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthearticle?ACFIJAlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasamanofmanycontrasts.Hewasthesonofabankrupt,butbecameamillionaire;ascientistwithaloveofliterature,anindustrialistwhomanagedtoremainanidealist.Hemadeafortunebutlivedasimplelife,andalthoughcheerfulincompanyhewasoftensadinprivate.Aloverofmankind,heneverhadawifeorfamilytolovehim;apatrioticsonofhisnativeland,hediedaloneonforeignsoil.Heinventedanewexplosive,dynamite,toimprovethepeacetimeindustriesofminingandroadbuilding,butsawitusedasaweaponofwartokillandinjurehisfellowmen.Duringhisusefullifeheoftenfelthewasuseless:AlfredNobel,heoncewroteofhimself,oughttohavebeenputtodeathbyakinddoctorassoonas,withacry,heenteredlife.World-famousforhislifeheavoidedpublicity.Idonotsee,heoncesaid,thatIhavedeservedanyfameandIhavenotasteforit,butsincehisdeath,hisnamehasbroughtfameandglorytoothers.AmericansmightbeembarrassedbecausetheirJapanesefriendsaresoformalwiththem.JapanesemightfeelinsultedbecauseAmericanacquaintancesgreetthemcasually.Still,theformsofgreetinginbothcountriesonlyshowrespectforothers.ItjusthappensthatAmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayoflookingathumanrelationshipsandthushaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.WhenwesaythatCambridgeisauniversitytown,wedonotmeanjustthatitisatownwithauniversityinit.LondonandLiverpoolhaveuniversities,butwedonotcallthemuniversitytowns.Auniversitytownisonewherethereisnoclearseparationbetweentheuniversitybuildingsandtherestofthecity.Theuniversityisnotjustonepartofthetown.Itisalloverthetown.TheheartofCambridgehasitsshops,market-placesandsoon,butmostofitisuniversity-colleges,libraries,clubsandotherplacesforuniversitystaffandstudents.Studentsfilltheshops,cafes,banks,andchurches,makingtheseaswellpartoftheuniversity.Wavesarebeautifultolookat,buttheycandestroyshipsatsea,aswellashousesandbuildingsneartheshore.Whatcauseswaves?Mostwavesarecausedbywindsblowingoverthesurfaceofthewater.Thesunheatstheearth,causingtheairtoriseandthewindstoblow.Thewindsblowacrossthesea,pushinglittlewavesintobiggerandbiggerones.Thesizeofawavedependsonhowstrongthewindis,howlongitblows,andhowlargethebodyofwateris.Inasmallbaybigwaveswillneverbuildup.Butatseathewindcanbuildupgiant,powerfulwaves.Arulesaysthattheheightofawave(inmeters)willusuallybenomorethanone-tenthofthewind’sspeed(inkilometers).Inotherwords,whenthewindisblowingat120kilometersperhour,mostwaveswillbeabouttwelvemeters.Ofcourse,somewavesmaycombinetoformgiantwavesthataremuchhigher.In1933theUnitedStatesNavyreportedthelargestmeasuredwaveinhistory.ItroseinthePacificOceantoaheightofthirty-fourmeters.•AlfredNobel,thegreatSwedishinventorandindustrialist,wasamanofmanycontrasts.•AmericansandJapanesehaveadifferentwayofshowingrespect.•Auniversitytownisonewherethereisnoclearseparationbetweentheuniversitybuildingsandtherestofthecity.•WavesFindoutthemainideasHowtopickoutthe“TOPSENTENCE”•atthebeginningofthepassage•attheendofthepassage•inthemiddleofthepassage•atthebeginningortheendofthepassage,thensummarizethem.ThestructureofthepassageWhatwillhelpyougetthemainideawhenyoudealwithargumentation（议论文）orexposition（说明文）?•1.generalidea---details---summary•2.details---generalidea/summary•3.introduction---generalidea---details•details=supportingsentences/examples,etc.•Howaboutnarration（记叙文）?clue（线索）Summarize:stepsformainideas•Whatstepsshallwefollowtoworkoutthemainideaofapassage?•Skimming•Genre/type•Structure/clue•Topicsentences/summarizeWhatproblems/tricksshallwebecarefulofwhilewearetryingtofindthemainidea?thetricksofinterference(干扰项的陷阱)•1.（以偏概全）Theinterferenceitemstakeone-sidedviewofthepassage,seeingonepointinthepassageasthemainidea.2.(放大或缩小文章的主题)Zoominginoroutthemainidea•3.(偷换概念)Themainideaofthepassageisreplacedbysomeotherrelativebutdifferentideas.Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers.B.Don’judgeothersbyappearance.Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?A.Smokingcancausecancer.B.Sm