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大声朗读,指出下列句中划线的名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分,并思考名词的用法与前后语境。1.Johnisadriver.约翰是司机。2.Don’tstandonceremony.别客气。介词宾语主语;表语3.Hedoesn’tlookhisage.他看上去与年龄不符。4.LondonliesontheThamesRiver.伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。5.Yourbrothertoldmethenews.你弟弟告诉我这个消息的。直接宾语表语主语;介词的宾语6.LiQiang’sbowlisinthekitchen.李强的碗在厨房。7.Englishisspokenallovertheworld.全世界说英语。主语;介词的宾语主语;介词的宾语8.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。9.Youstudentsshouldthinkofyourfuture.你们学生应该为自己的前途着想。主语的同位语宾补1.主要用法。名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、____、动词的_____、介词的宾语、___________、同位语等。2.语境分析。名词通常位于冠词(如adriver)、_____(如hisage)、__________(如LiQiang’sbowl)及some,any,many,alotof等限定词的后面。名词所有格表语宾语宾语补足语代词3.名词的分类名词普通名词可数名词个体名词computer电脑,president总统集体名词audience观众,police警察不可数名词物质名词chalk粉笔,money钱抽象名词anger愤怒,fun乐趣专有名词Tom汤姆,China中国,TheEuropeanUnion欧盟4.名词的单复数。可数名词有单复数的区分,当数量大于一时就要用复数形式。5.不可数名词。⑴没有复数形式;⑵不能直接用不定冠词、数词及many,anumberof等修饰,但可用some,much,agreatdealof等修饰。6.名词所有格。有生命的人或物,以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词,其所有格一般用“名词+-s”表示,如Theauthor’sname(作者的名字);无生命的东西的所有格一般用“of+名词”表示,如thecoverofthebook(书的封面)。7.不可数名词与可数名词的转化。表示种类时:variousfruits(各种水果);表示具体的事物时:asuccess(一个成功人士);表示“一场/段/件……”时:atimelyrain(一场及时雨);表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,beer等:twobeers(两杯啤酒);表示不同意思时:room房间(可数);余地(不可数)。有些不可数名词无论什么情况下也没有复数形式,即使受形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词,可称作“绝对不可数名词”。例如:fun,housework,homework,advice,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,machinery等。8.of+抽象名词。of+use,value,help等某些抽象名词,其含义相当于对应的______,在句中可作表语、补语等。形容词⑴单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a,an,the)、名词的所有格(Tom’s)、形容词性物主代词(my,your,his)、不定代词(any,another)等。⑵空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后,要用括号中所给词的名词形式。⑶在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词,在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语,还可能是定语从句。名词与广东高考⑷若有定语从句、形容词、分词短语或介词短语等修饰,应当用所给词的名词形式。⑸作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,要用括号中所给词的名词形式。⑹在确定用名词形式后,还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数、是否需要用所有格。一、完成句子根据汉语提示,完成下列句子。1.Two______(月)ago,three______(英雄)caughtfour_______(小偷).Theymadethemplantsome________(土豆)and_______(竹子)intwo_____(动物园).Theyalsomadetheir______(妻子们)returnthefourbig______(箱子)withsomeprecious______(照片)and________(刷子)inthem.灵活运用brushesmonthsheroesthievespotatoesbambooszooswivesboxesphotos1.一般情况下直接加s;以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾,加es,如boxes/dishes/matches等(例外:stomachs);2.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i,再加es如countries/families(但以元音字母+y结尾的直接加s,如boys);要点归纳:名词变复数的规则3.以f或fe结尾的名词,把f(e)改为ves如wolf/thief/wife/knife等(例外:proofs/roofs/gulfs/beliefs);4.以o结尾的名词,一般加es,但某些缩写词、外来词或者以元音字母+o结尾的词则加s,如photos/pianos/radios等。2.Two______________(主编),three__________(男教师)andfive___________(女医生),togetherwiththeir________(孩子们),wenttothemarket.Theydecidedtobuytwo_______(绵羊),three_____(鹿),four_____(公牛),five______(鹅)andsixwhite_____(老鼠)withthree____(脚)andsix_____(牙齿).teetheditors-in-chiefmenteacherswomendoctorschildrensheepdeeroxengeesemicefeet⑴将a改为e的有man—men,woman—women等;⑵man或woman作定语时,其单复数与所修饰的名词的单复数一致,如menteachers/womenscientists等。不规则变化⑶将oo改为ee的有foot—feet,tooth—teeth,goose—geese等;⑷复数以en结尾的有child—children,ox—oxen等;⑸将ouse改为ice的有mouse—mice,louse—lice(虱子)等;⑹单复数同形的有sheep/deer/fish/aircraft/means/works/Swiss/Japanese/Chinese等;⑺合成词中有主体名词的只变主体名词,如passers-by/sons-in-law,没有主体名词的,直接在词尾加s,如grown-ups/go-betweens;1.Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig__________(commit),butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.二、单句填空根据前面的冠词可知填名词,commitment(投身)在句中作表语。commitment2.Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional__________(compete).名词作maintain的宾语。competence3.Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsas_______(knife)outofchildren’s.根据前面的things可知用复数,作介词as的宾语。4.DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy______(tooth).因oneof后面的名词一定是复数,tooth的复数是teeth。knivesteeth5.Idon’tlikethe_____inwhichyoulaughather.由inwhich引导的定语从句可知,先行词应为表示方式的way。6.Inmyopinion,itiswrongtocheatin______________(exam)becauseitbreakstherulesofschools.6.作介词in的宾语。wayexaminations7.Inmyopinion,nooneagreesthata________(wealth)personwithoutgoodhealthcanbehappy.So,justdoourbestandkeepfit.7.在冠词与名词之间,用形容词作定语。wealthy8.Upon_______(arrive),webegantoworkimmediately.作介词的宾语用名词形式。9.Since“Lifeisastage”,weareactuallyallactorsand________(act).由与之并列的actors(男演员)可知填actresses(女演员),在句中作并列表语。actressesarrival10.Therearemorevisiblechangesinourgesturesandfacial__________(express).前有形容词修饰,用名词,或者说,作介词in的宾语,用名词。11.LangLangisaworld-classyoung______(piano)whogrewupinShenyang.由其后的定语从句可知,空格处是先行词,且指人。pianistexpressions12.______(try)byfoodprocessingplantsinGermanyhaveconcludedthatfoodscoveredwiththeglasscanstorelongerthanthosestoredinnormalcondition.主句谓语是haveconcluded,而by...Germany是介词短语作定语,有介词短语修饰,或者说在句中作主语,要用名词;又因谓语是复数,故用trials。TrialsAhighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbemostlucky.1___truefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife.”Experienceshowsthathewasright.A二、语篇填空A在单数可数名词friend前可能是冠词、名词的所有格、形容词性物主代词或不定代词;由语境可知,此处指类别,泛指“一个”真正的朋友,故填不定冠词A。Good2__________(friend)arejustnoteasilyformed.friendshipsfriendships在句中作主语,用名词形式;又根据谓语动词areformed是复数,可知作主语的名词要用复数:再根据搭配,不容易形成的应当是“友谊”,而不是“朋友”,故填friendships。Tomostofus,friendshipsarethoughtveryimportant,butweneedtohavethekindsoffriendshipswewant.Aretheytobecloseorkeptatarm’s3______(long)?Dowewanttoshareourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfacearequiteenoughandthat’sal
本文标题:高中英语基础课件---名词
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