句型讲义

1第一节陈述句一.陈述句概念:陈述句是用来陈述事实和观点的句子。陈述句包含肯定结构和否定结构，句末用句号。如：Itisadesk.(肯定结构)Itisn’tadesk.(否定结构)二.肯定句变否定句的方法：1.be动词的否定式：be+notbe动词包括am,is,are：（主语是I，用am；主语是三单，用is；其他用are）Iamastudent.Iamnotastudent.Heisreading.Heisn’treading.Wearestudents.Wearen’tstudents.2.情态动词(can,must)的否定:情态动词+not+动词原形Hecanswim.Hecannot(can’t)swim.Youmustplayfootballhere.Youmustnot(mustn’t)playfootballhere.3.实义动词的否定：do/does+not+动词原形实义动词能指代具体意思，可以单独作谓语。变否定时，要借用助动词do,does（主语是第三人称单数）：do/does+not+动词原形Ilikemusic.Idonot(don’t)likemusic.Shedoesherhomeworkathome.Shedoesn’tdoherhomeworkathome.注意：助动词后加动词原形。如：误：LiLeidoesn’tlikessports.正：LiLeidoesn’tlikesports.陈述句练习一．将下列句子变为否定句，每空一词。1.Thisisadesk.Thisadesk.2.Grandpatellsstoriestouseveryevening.Grandpastoriestouseveryevening.3.Hecandrawpictures.Hedrawpictures.4.Youmustplayfootballhere.Youplayfootballhere.5.Petergoestothezooonceayear.Petertothezooonceayear.第二节疑问句一.疑问句的概念及类型：概念：疑问句是勇于提出疑问的句子，以问号结尾。类型：有四种，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句。二.一般疑问句21.由动词be构成的疑问句：将动词be的适当形式置于句首，其肯定回答用Yes,...,否定回答用No,...。Theyareworkinghard.Aretheyworkinghard?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.Sheisright.Issheright?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.2.由一般实义动词构成的疑问句，通常根据不同时态和人称在句首加do,does如：Ioftengotoschoolonfoot.Doyouoftengotoschoolonfoot?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Mikelikesswimming.DoesMikelikeswimming?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.3.含情态动词(may,can,must)的一般疑问句，直接将情态动词置于句首。如：IcansingEnglishsongs.CanyousingEnglishsongs?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.三.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：是由疑问词提问的句子。基本结构是“疑问词+一般疑问句”。疑问词包括疑问代词（what,which,who,whose)和疑问副词（when,where,why,how）。常见的疑问词及其提问方式有：1.What(什么)Thisisanapple.What’sthis?2.Which(哪一个)ThegirlinahatisLucy.WhichgirlisLucy?3.Who(谁)Thisismymother.Whoisthis?4.How(怎样)Jimgoestoschoolbybus.HowdoesJimgotoschool?5.When(什么时候，询问时间)Igotoschoolat7:30everymorning.Whendoyougotoschool?6.Whattime(几点，就具体时间提问)Wewillmeetatthreeo’clock.Whattimewillyoumeet?7.Whatcolor(什么颜色)Mycoatispink.Whatcolorisyourcoat?8.Howoften(多久一次，表频率)BobwatchesTVonceaweek.HowoftendoesBobwatchTV?9.Howmuch(多少，询问价格)Thisbookis50yuan.Howmuchisthebook?Howmuch+不可数名词，表示“多少......”Thereistwokilosofmilkinthefridge.Howmuchmilkisthereinthefridge10.Howmany(多少，询问可数名次的数量)Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?11.Howold(多大年龄)Jimiselevenyearsold.HowoldisJim?12.Howlong(多久，询问一段时间)Hestayedthereforthereyears.Howlongdidhestayhere?13.Howsoon(表示一段时间，与一般将来时连用)Iwillbebackinaweek.Howsoonwillyoubeback?注意：要先判断清楚是就什么提问，再选择相应的疑问词。注意保持句型转换前后时态的一3致。疑问句练习一.将下列句子改为一般疑问句。1.HetookmanyphotosinfrontoftheSummerPalace.hemanyphotosinfrontoftheSummerPalace?2.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.theeartharoundthesun?3.LucylookslikeLily.LucylikeLily?4.JimcanhelpyouwithyourEnglish.JimmewithmyEnglish?5.LucyandLilycomefromAmerica.LucyandLilyfromAmerica?6.Daveoftengoestoworkbybus.Daveoftentoworkbybus?7.Ihadagoodtimeatthepartylastnight.youagoodtimeatthepartylastnight?8.Thisisanicewatch.Thisanicewatch?9.I’mgoingtothezoothisSaturday.youtothezoothisSaturday?10.Idomyhomeworkateighteveryevening.youyourhomeworkateighteveryevening?二.单项选择。()1.Didyoualettertomelastweek?A.writeB.writesC.writingD.wrote()2.Whichhatwillyoubuy,thisonethatone?A.andB.soC.butD.or()3.doyougetupeveryday?Atsix.A.HowB.WhenC.WhatD.Which()4.everystudentliketoreadthebook?A.IsB.DoesC.AreD.Do()5.doyoudosports?Onceaweek.A.HowoftenB.HoesoonC.HowD.Howlong()6.?Eightyuanakilo.A.HowmuchdoyouwantB.HowmanydoyouwantC.HowmuchisthechickenD.CanIhelpyou()7.Howmanywouldyoulike?A.orangeB.bottleoforangeC.bottlesoforangeD.abottleoforange()8.IsPeteratschool?4.A.Yes,sheis.B.No,heis.C.Yes,heis.D.No,sheis.()9.doyouwantto?Peter.A.When,writeB.Who,writetoC.What,toD.How,write()10.Isthereanappleonthetable?.A.Yes,thereis.B.Yes,theyare.C.Yes,itis.D.No,therearen’t.三．句型转换。1.Thechildrenlikegames.(改为一般疑问句)thechildrengames?2.Myfatherisadoctor.(就画线部分提问)yourfather?3.Iamelevenyearsold.(改为特殊疑问句)areyou?4.Iwillbebackinanhour.(改为特殊疑问句)willyoubeback?5.Jimgetsupathalfpastsixeveryday.(改为特殊疑问句)Jimgetupeveryday?6.Jimgoestoschoolbybike.(改为特殊疑问句)Jimtoschool?7.Themaninabluecoatismyfather.(改为特殊疑问句)manisyourfather?8.Thereareseventystudentsinourclass.(改为特殊疑问句)arethereinyourclass?9.Dotheyoftenwashclothestogether?(做肯定回答),.10.DoesLiHuioftenphonehisfriends?(做否定回答),.四．根据实际情况回答问题。1.What’syourname?2.Howoldareyou?3.Whereareyoufrom?4.Whichgradeareyouin?5.Whichclassareyouin?6.Whatdoesyourfatherdo?7.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?8.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?9.DoyoulikeEnglish?10.What’syourfavouritesubject?11.Areyouagoodchild?第三节祈使句5一.祈使句的概念:祈使句是表示请求,命令,劝告,祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称，但往往省去不用。如：Comethisway,madam.这边走，夫人。Pleasebequilt!请安静！Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你吧！Let’sgotothezoo.让我们去动物园吧！Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.别忘了关灯。二.祈使句的结构1.祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形,结构为“动词原形+宾语+其他”。如：Becareful!当心！Haveagoodtrip!旅行愉快！Gooutatonce!马上出去！有时为了加强语气，可在动词前加do.如：Dobecareful!务必小心！Docomeintime.务必准时到！2.祈使句的否定式：“Don't+动词原形+其他”。如：Don’tlaughatme.不要笑我。Don’tbelateagain.别再迟到了。三.祈使句的用法1.为了使语气委婉，常将祈使句与please连用，please可位于句首（其后通常不用逗号），或句末（其前通常用逗号）。如：Pleasebeseated!请坐好！Sitdown,please!请坐。Waitamoment,please!请稍等。2.以let开头的祈使句。如：Letmehavearest.让我休息一下吧！Let’sgooutforawalk.我们去外面散步吧！3.祈使句的反意疑问句，通常用willyou,won’tyou反问。如：Turnofft