中考英语语法-时态串讲

时态的特殊用法英语时态和汉语时态的区别能找出每种时态所对应的生活中的时间掌握每种时态的陈述句/疑问句/否定句表示将来含义的五种表达方式时:对时间的划分态:每种时对应的谓语动词独特表示方式汉语中只有时没有态我正在学习我打算学习我爱学习IamstudyingIwillstudyIliketostudy时态的含义__时间表示法•一:时,即每种时态对应一个时间段,学习时态一定要先弄明白每种时态所在生活中对应的时间.这是理解的问题•二:态,即每种时态都有自己独特的表达方式.这点和汉语存在巨大的差别.汉语中表达时间只需要在时间词上做变化就达到目的了,而英语除了时间词上做变化,谓语动词也要有相应的变化.汉语和英语对于时间不同的划分方法一般现在时现在进行时过去完成时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时过去将来时现在完成时汉语英语只有“时”没有“态”既有“时”又有“态”时间结构划分:过去-现在-将来时间结构划分:过去的细划分我平时在7点起床今天我打算在8点起床我正在起床昨天我7点起床的昨天7点我正在起床昨天我打算在8点起床昨天7点我已经起床了今天7点我已经起床了1.Igetupat7:00.2.iwillgetupat8.Iamgoingtogetupat8.Iamgettingupat8.Iwillgetupwhenothersgotowork.3.Iamgettingupnow4.Ihavegottenuptill7:00.5.Igotupat7lastmorning6.Iwasgettingupat7lastmorning7.Iwouldgetupat8lastmorning.Iwasgoingtogetupat8.8.Ihadgottenuptill8lastmorning这座山终年云雾缭绕这座山昨天云雾缭绕我明天想游览这座山我正在爬山我昨天下午正在爬山我今天已经爬过这座山了我昨天想游览这山我昨天下午已经爬过这座山了•Themountainiscloudy.•Themountainwascloudy.•Iwillclimbthemountaintomorrow.•Iwouldclimblastafternoon.•Ioften/usuallygetupat7•Iwillgetup/Iamgoingtogetup/Iamgettingupat8•Iamgettingup•Igotupat7yesterday•Iwouldgetup/Iwasgoingtogetup/Iwasgettingupat8yesterday•Iwasgettingupthistimeyesterday八种时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时一般现在时的两层含义经常发生的动作或存在的状态Igotoschoolbybike我骑车上学Itisveryhot.天很热客观事实或普遍真理Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东升起易错点:上下文用过去时,表示客观真理仍然要用一般现在时Hesaidthattheearthisround.他说地球是圆的•Hesaid“Iwillkillyou.”•Hesaidthathewouldkillhim.•Hesaid“theearthisround.”•Hesaidthattheearthisround一般现在时陈述句基本结构陈述句Be动词类(状态)行为动词类(动作)IamHe/she/it(单)+isYou/they/we(复)+are主(复)+v(原)Theylikegame.主(单)+VsHelikesgame.一般疑问句的基本结构Heisastudent.Isheastudent?行为动词分清单复数Theylikegame.Dotheylikegame?Helikesgame.Doeshelikegame?否定句的基本结构Heisastudent.Heisnotastudent.行为动词分清单复数Theylikegame.TheydonotlikegameHelikesgame.Hedoesnotlikegame在状语从句中,如果主句和从句都表示将来的时间含义,那么从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.Iwillgoifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天好天我就去Weshallbeawaywhenhearrives.他一来我们就离开Iwon’tgooutunlessyouagree.我不会出去除非你同意•如果明天下雨,我就在家睡觉•Ifitisrainytomorrow,Iwillsleep/fallasleepathome•当她回家时,我将做好饭•Whenshegetshome,Iwillfinishdinner•你一来我就走•Assoonasyoucome,Iwillgo.•如果王月生病了,她妈妈会照顾她•Hermotherwilllookafterherifsheisill练习(用一般现在时完成句子)1.Yourshoes(be)underthebed.2.I(be)verywell,thankyou.3.We(have)manybooks.4.She(have)abookinherhand.5.I(live)inKaiFeng.6.He(watch)TVeveryevening.7.Shenever(get)uplate.8.He(notcare)whatyoudo.•请将6,7,8句改成疑问句和否定句表示现在正在发生的动作,强调眼前这一点.I’mwritingaletter.我正在写信TheyarelearningEnglish.他们正在学英语Isitrainingnow?现在下雨了吗?•和come,goleave,start,arrive…等词连用,表示即将发生的动作.I’mseeinghimtomorrow.我准备明天看他Whatareyoudoingnextweek?你下周打算干什么?陈述句主+be+Ving+…12Iamteaching.我正在教书疑问句Be+主+Ving+…?12Areyouteaching?否定句主+Benot+Ving+….12Iamnotteaching.我现在不教书练习1(用括号内词组回答问题)1.Whatareyoudoingnow?2.(readabook)3.(walkthroughthepark)4.(openabottle)5.(drinktea)6.(havelunch)7.(lookatsomepictures)将上面七个句子改为否定句和疑问句练习2(将every改为now/today,改写下列句子并翻译)即:一般现在时转换为现在进行时•示例:Igotomyofficeeveryday.Iamgoingtomyofficenow.•Heeatsriceeveryday.•Hewearsabluedresseveryday.•Theworkerscomeherebybuseveryday.•Idosomeexerciseseveryday.•Mybrotherdoesnotlistentotheradioeveryday.•Mybrotherdoesnotlistentotheradioeveryday.•Helistenstotheradio•主+benot+ving•Heisnotlisteningtotheradionow•Dotheygetupat8?•Aretheygettingupnow?•Yaomingdoesn’tdie•Heisnotdyingnow.表示以现在为起点,将要发生的事情.Hewillgoswimmingtomorrow.他准备明天游泳Heisgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.Theywillgoswimmingtomorrow他们准备明天游泳Theyaregoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.一般将来时两种常用表达方式主+will+V原+…12Hewillgohomeafterclass下课后他准备回家Theywillgohomeafterclass下课后他们准备回家主+begoingto+V原+…12Heisgoingtogohome.Theyaregoingtogohome.陈述句主+will+V原+…12Hewillgohome.他准备回家疑问句will+主+V原+…?12Willhegohome?他准备回家吗?否定句主+willnot+V原+…12Hewillnotgohome.他不准备回家陈述句主+begoingto+V原+…12Heisgoingtogohome.他准备回家疑问句Be+主+goingto+V原+…?12Ishegoingtogohome?他准备回家吗?否定句主+benotgoingto+V原+…12Heisnotgoingtogohome.他不准备回家表示将来时间含义四种方式一般将来时主+will+V原主+begoingto+V原一般现在时主句将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来现在进行时瞬间动词做谓语,表示将来含义练习:将下列句子改为否定句和疑问句•Youwillbelate.•Wewillstaywiththem.•HeisgoingtolearnEnglish.•TheywillflytoLondontomorrow.练习:将下列句子改为将来时,相应地更改或增添时间状语•例:Iwritetohimonceamonth.Iwillwritetohimtomorrow.•Heisworkingveryhard.•Atwhattimedoyouhavedinner?•DoyouplayfootballonSunday?•Doyougotoworkbybus?表示过去某段时间发生的动作,反复发生的动作或存在的状态.Hewentswimmingyesterday.他昨天去游泳了Theylikedgoingswimming他们以前喜欢游泳Hewasateacher.他以前是老师Theywereteachers.他们以前是老师一般过去时陈述句基本结构陈述句Be动词类(状态)行为动词类(动作)I+wasHe/she/it(单)+wasYou/they/we(复)+were主+V过去式Theylikedgame.Theycamehere.一般疑问句的基本结构Hewasastudent.Washeastudent?行为动词无单复数Theylikedgame.Didtheylikegame?Helikedgame.Didhelikegame?否定句的基本结构Hewasastudent.Hewasnotastudent.行为动词Theylikedgame.TheydidnotlikegameHelikedgame.Hedidnotlikegame一般现在时一般过去时陈述句主+am/is/are+…it’shere主(单)+VsHelikesit.主(复)+V原Theylikeit.主+was/were+..Itwashere主(单/复)+VedHe/theylikedit.疑问句Be+主+…?Does+主(单)+V原?Do+主(复)+V原?Was/were+主+…?Did+主(单/复)+V原?Didhe/theylikeit?否定句主+benot+…主(单)+doesnot+V原主(复)+donot+V原主+was/were+not..主(单/复)+didnot+V原现在时过去时Now现在Then那时Today今天Thatday那天Tomorrow明天Thenextday第二天Tomorrowmorning明天早晨Thenextmorning第二天早晨Lastnight.昨天晚上Wearestudyingnow.我们正在学习Westudiedthen.我们那时候学习AgoBefore时间段+agoAmonthago一个月之前Before+具体时间Before19991999年之前Helived