英语常用词根词缀-培训用

英语常用词根词缀第一编前缀一、表示反对、相反1.anti-反，抗antiwar反战的antitank反坦克的antimissile反导弹的antibody抗体anti-fascist反法西斯的anti-ageing抗衰老的猜词练习1)Anti-Putinstreetprotestsbegansixmonthsagoafteradisputedparliamentaryelection.TheNewYorkTimes,June12,20122)TheObamaadministrationhastakensomepositivestepsagainstantigaydiscrimination.TheNewYorkTimes,May7,20123)EversinceRepublicanstookcontrolofhalfthecountry'sstatehousesthisyear,theanti-abortionmovementhaswononevictoryafteranother.TheNewYorkTimes,May27,20112.counter-反对，相反counterattack反攻counterrevolutionary反革命counterproposal反提案counterclockwise逆时针方向counterproductive起反作用的3.in-①不，非，无incomplete不完全的incapable没有能力的indispensable不可缺少的inevitable不可避免的猜测词义：indirectly,indecent,incorrect,inhuman,injusticeincomparableinsensitive,informal②里面inside里面indoor室内的inland内地的intake吸收inject注入inmate囚犯③加强意义invaluable极其宝贵的4.im-(在m,p,b的前面)①不immoral不道德的imperfect不完美的imbalance不平衡②里面，向内import进口，输入imprison监禁immigrate移居入境impulse冲动5.il-不（在l前面）illegal非法的illiterate不识字的illogical不合逻辑的illimitable无限的illegitimate不合理的anillegitimatechild6.ir-不（在r的前面）irregular不规则的irrelevant不相关的irrational不合理的irresistible不可抵抗的猜词练习1)Don'tbeirreplaceable---ifyoucan'tbereplaced,youcan'tbepromoted.切勿成为不可替代的人------如果没人能取代你，你便无法得到提拔。2)IndiaexpressedregretovertheirresponsibleremarksbyaUNbody.印度对一个联合国机构的不负责言论表示失望。3)Ideathatmencouldbedividedintotwoclasses,thereligiousandtheirreligious,wasfalse.Hesaidthatwithfewexceptionsmankindwasreligious.(TheNewYorkTimes,February6,1928)7.mis-不，错misuse误用mistake错误misfortune不幸misbehave行为不端misunderstand误解8.dis-①去掉disable使丧失能力，使伤残disarm解除---武装dishearten使失去信心discourage使---失去勇气②表示否定dishonest不诚实的disloyal不忠心的discomfort不舒服disadvantage劣势猜测词义1)Troopswerecalledouttoputanendtothedisorderinthestreets.部队被召来平息街头的骚乱。2)Donotdiscontinuethetreatmentwithoutconsultingyourdoctor.切勿不咨询你的医生就中断治疗。3)Whilelaxstandardsmightmakestateslookgood,theyareadisservicetostudentswhowillhavetocompeteintheevermorecompetitiveglobaleconomy.(USAToday,June14,2007)9.de-①去掉denationalize非国有化derail使（火车）脱轨detrain下火车deforest砍伐森林defrost除霜defuse缓和②向下devalue贬值depress压低；使沮丧decrease减少10.non-非，不nonsmoker不抽烟的人nonstop直达的nonsense胡说八道non-fiction纪实文学non-linear非线性的non-professional非专业的non-shrink不缩水的猜测词义1)Amongareascausingpublicdissatisfactionarehighunemploymentandtheexploitationofnon-renewableresources,Mr.Sangmasaid.(TheNewYorkTimes,February25,2012)2)SouthSudanaccusedSudanonTuesdayofbombingthedisputedbordertownofJau,killingfoursoldiersandbreakinganonaggressionpact.(TheNewYorkTimes,Feb.10,2012)3)Intheearly1920s,heledaboycottofBritishgoodsandcampaignofnon-cooperation.(TheNewYorkTimes,January30,2012)4)Inmanycornersofthecountry,law,order,electricityandmedicinearevirtuallynonexistent.(TheNewYorkTimes,Dec.9,2011)5)Morethan150protesterscarryingsignscallingfornonviolenceandtheruleoflawbegantheirmarchonSunday.(TheNewYorkTimes,March19,2012)11.un-①不，无，非，未uncomfortable不舒服的unacceptable不能接受的unavoidable不可避免的unbearable不能忍受的unbelievable不可相信的unforgettable难忘的②表示相反的动作unlock开锁untie解开unbutton解开纽扣uncover揭开盖子undress脱---的衣服What’sdonecannotbeundone.二、表示空间方位1.pre-前prewar战前的predawn黎明前的prefix前缀preschool学龄前的preposition介词prejudice偏见prescient有先见之明的2.fore-前forehead前额forearm前臂forecast预测，预报weather~foretell预言forefathers祖先foreword前言foreman工头foreseeable可预见的猜测词义1)Thecommanderhadbeenforewarnedoftheattack.指挥官与先得到敌人要发动袭击的警报。2)Theyhadtheforesighttoinvestinnewtechnology.他们有投资新技术的远见。3)Withalittleforethoughtmanyaccidentscouldbeavoided.如果事先稍微多想想，许多事故是可以避免的。3.pro-向前progress进步project投射propel推进proceed继续4.post-后postwar战后的postgraduate研究生postpone推迟postnatal产后的5.re-①向后return回来recession衰退recall回忆reflect反映rebound弹回②重新，再rebuild重建remarry再婚③相反reaction反应resist抵抗rebel反对；反政府武装revolt造反reverse扭转；相反的resent憎恨，不满6.over-①上overhead在头上方oversee监督②太，过于overcharge多收（某人）钱overload超载overeat吃撑③非常overjoyed大喜过望的7.super-上面，超supervise指导，管理supervisor导师supernatural超自然的supermarket超市=superstoresuperman超人猜测词义：1)Inthe1970s,RickPerrywastrainedasanAirForcepilotinaT-38supersonicjet.TheNewYorkTimes,November26,20112)WeunderstandthattheUnitedStateshasdifferentchallengesandresponsibilitiesastheworld'slastremainingmilitarysuperpower.TheNewYorkTimes,March21,20123)TheEuropeanUnionisanattempttobuildaneconomicandlegalsuperstructurewithoutalinguistic,cultural,historicandcivicbase.TheNewYorkTimes,November18,20118.sub-下；次于subway地铁suburb郊区submarine潜水艇sub-zero零度以下的subconscious潜意识的9.under-下；不足underground地下的underwater水下的underfoot脚下的underline在---下划线underwear内衣underestimate低估undercut削弱=undermineunderpay少付给---钱understaffed人手不够的10.ex-外export出口expose揭露exposition展览ShanghaiExpoexclude排除exit出口extract拔出11.extra-外extramarital婚外的an~affairextracurricular课外的~activitiesextravagant奢侈的extravagance奢侈Hiswife’s~reducedhimtopoverty.他老婆挥霍无度，使他陷入贫困。extrasolar12.inter-在---之间Internet因特网international国际的interpersonal人际的intercity城市之间的interstate州际的1)ButWashingtonbelievesthatprevioussatellit