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1基本句型英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的,英语可能要放在后面;而汉语放后面的,英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话,如果用词不同,句中的次序也会有变化。比如,“我每天骑自行车上学”,可以表达为Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.也可以表达为Iridetoschooleveryday.如果用图表分析一下,我们会看得更清楚:这三个语句除了行为者I的位置没有变化外,其它都发生了变化,并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同,在句中的位置也发生了变化。句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句主语TheSubject表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。WestudyinNo.17middleschool.JimisanAmericanboy.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.谓语ThePredicate说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后(除疑问、倒装句外)。由动词或动词词组充当。Timetriesallthing.(时间检验一切)Lucyisdancingunderthetree.Herparentsarebothworkers.宾语TheObject表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。同主语的充当词类Loveme,lovemydog.(爱屋及乌)ThesegirlslikeEnglish.Didyouseehimyesterday?表语ThePredicate与系动词连用,一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。同主语的充当词类Hisfatherisabusdriver.Mycariswhite.Wewereatschoolyesterday.Healthiswealth.(健康就是财富。)我每天骑自行车上学。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.Iridetoschooleveryday.2句子成分学记口诀主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无。一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.6.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.7.Hewantstofinishtheworkintime.8.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice(建议).定语TheAttribute用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。Theredoneismine.Whatishisname?Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(患难见真情。)状语TheAttribute修饰动词、形容词、副词,表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。Ourteacherworksveryhard.SheoftenhelpsMike.TheyhadameetinginShanghai.宾语补足语TheObjectComplement宾语的补足语,逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。WenamedthebabyLily.Shemadetheroomclean.同位语TheAppostive重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。名词、名词性短语、从句等。Theyallworkhard.John,afriendofhers,hasgone.39.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.10.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?11.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?12.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.13.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.14.Henoticed(注意到)amanentertheroom.15.Theapplestastedsweet.简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一:S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,eg:这只小狗已经死了。_____________________________________句型种类主语谓语部分谓语动词表语宾语宾补1.S+Vi.主语+不及物动词Birdsfly.2.S+Vi.+O主语+及物动词+宾语Heplaysthepiano.3.S+V.+P主语+系动词+表语Weare(系动词)friends.4.S+Vt.+InO+Do主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Igavehimapen(间宾)(直宾)5.S+Vi.+O+Oc主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Tommademecry.41.主语+不及物动词(+状语)状语主语不及物动词状语(In2003,)Thefirstbookcameoutin2003Wedidn'tgotothecinemayesterday.Lastweek,IwenttoGuilinformyholiday.2.主语+及物动词+宾语(+状语)状语主语及物动词宾语状语(Yesterday)Iboughtaverygoodbookyesterday.Myfatherlovespicturesofcars.EverymorningmymotherpreparesbreakfastformeHewroteabookinseniorhighschool.基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有:be(是);get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。1.Weshould____________________anytime.B.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2.这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如:3.Springcomes.Itis______________________________.5春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。4.Don'thavethefood._______________________________.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。3.主语+系动词+表语(+状语)主语系动词表语状语Thesebooksaregreat.Tomisveryhappytoday.基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.Theyhave_________________________ofthechildren.这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四:S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有:bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,tellwish,write等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有:buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏),sing,等。Yesterdayherfather_____________________________________asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。这种句型还可转换为:动词+直接宾语+for/tosb.Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.==Please_____________________________________.请把你的画给我看一下。I______________thesalt.=I_______thesalt__________.我把书递给他。4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(+状语)6状语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语状语Hishobbyhasbroughthimenjoyment.MyfatherboughtmeaverygoodbikeOnmybirthday.Lastweek,myauntsentmeaboxofchocolate.基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call(叫),choose(选),find(发现),make,name,(命名)Keep________________________________,please.请让孩子们安静下来。Theypainted____________________.他们把门漆成绿色。Wemust__________________________.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。Heaskedme_____________________soon.他要我早点回来。注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:25)Theboss________________________allday.(迫使他劳动)Wesaw______________.(他出去)。5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(+状语)主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语状语Wecanhelpyoudevelopnewskills.Idon'twantyoutoworktoohard.Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.7判断类型和句子成分:Shecame.ShelikesEnglish.Sheishappy.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Sheboughtabookforme.ShegaveJohnabook.Myheadaches.Shemakeshermotherangry.Thesunwasshining.Themoonrose.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他们谈了半个小时。Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的气味很好。Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮。Hisfaceturnedred.他的脸红了。Whoknowstheanswer?谁知道答案?Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。Iwanttohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。Ishowedhimmypictures.8Igavemycarawash.我洗了我的汽车。Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。Whatmakeshimthinkso?他怎么会这样想?Thechildrenarepl
本文标题:英语简单句五种基本句型详解
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