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高考英语新题型概要写作I.什么是概要写作1.命题形式是:提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考试基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。2.概要写作属于限制性写作,是阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合。所给短文以说明文、议论文为主。3.概要写作实质是考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力。考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。同时,考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力,以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。II.概要写作四项原则1.使用第三人称2.不加入自己的观点3.不对原文内容加以评论4.不加入与原文无关的信息III.写作步骤1.通读全文,理清结构1)阅读并抓住主题,提取主旨大意,即有关主题的主要内容或者作者在该主题上的观点或主张。2)确定段落主旨句时,应兼顾语篇大背景,即在全文主旨大意的统领下归纳段落主旨。3)不是所有的段落都有现成的段落主旨句,有的需要你自己去归纳、概括。记叙文找出六要素:who,when,where,what,how,why;夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意。说明文找出文章说明的对象、观点或建议议论文提取议论文的三要素:论点、论据、结论2.删繁就简,提炼要点1)找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词2)削减事例,尽量减少实事并省略细节3.合并改写,润色提升1)将联系紧密的信息合并在一起,同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起。2)改写句子的方法:(1)近义词、同义词替换(2)词性替换(3)主动变被动,被动变主动(4)正话反说,反话正说(5)更换句子结构4.连句成文连贯上优先考虑最短连接词but,then,later,finally,besides,thus,therefore,yet,however.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.人们对污垢的态度不是一成不变的。Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabaththekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.在16世纪时,欧洲一些国家特别是英法两国中的皇室贵族们对于“dirt”的态度。Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslonglived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodforhealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea,clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?在18世纪时,人们对于“dirt”态度发生的变化。Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongImmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionIsgainingsomeground.现在人们虽然仍对“dirt”持有不同的观点,但是却有越来越多的人认为在“dirt”中玩耍可以帮助人们建立一个强大的免疫系统。Step1通读全文,理清结构①主旨大意:文章一共有4段,是按照时间顺序、总一分的方式来陈述人们在不同时期对于“dirt'”的不同观点。基本可以确定attitudes、dirt和time为全文的关键词。②文章结构:全文分为四个部分。第一部分(第一段):人们对污垢的态度不是一成不变的。第二部分(第二段):在16世纪时,欧洲一些国家特别是英法两国中的皇室贵族们对于“dirt”的态度。第三部分(第三段):在18世纪时,人们对于“dirt”态度发生的变化。第四部分(第四段):现在人们虽然仍对“dirt”持有不同的观点,但是却有越来越多的人认为在“dirt”中玩耍可以帮助人们建立一个强大的免疫系统。Step2删繁就简,提炼要点第一部分:However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.第二部分:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.第三部分:Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodforhealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.第四部分:Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Sep3合并改写,润色升级第一部分:However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Attitudestowardsdirthavebeenchangingovertime.(对原要点语义转换)第二部分:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplebelievedthatdirtontheskinhelpedprotectagainstdisease.(用helpdosth.代替beameanstodosth,protectagainst代替blockout)第三部分:Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodforhealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Sincethe18thcentury,peoplehavedevelopedthebeliefthatcleaningawaydirtcanpreventdisease.(用develop代替regard,preventdisease代替isgoodforhealth)第四部分:Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.Today,althoughattitudestodirtstilldiffersharply,moreandmorepeoplechoosetobelievethatplayinginthedirtcanhelpbuildupastrongimmunesystem.(用today代替nowadays,用sharply代替hugely,用moreandmorepeoplechoosetobelieve代替gainingsomeground)Step4连句成文,复查誊写通读初稿内容并进行仔细检查,可以从以下几方面进行重点审查:①所写概要覆盖了原文的全部要点信息,且各要点的表达相对独立。②全文在语言上没有语法或用词的错误,文章结构紧凑且上下句连贯通顺。③标点符号运用准确,单词拼写没有错误。④词数符合要求,总词数在60个左右(不少于40不超过80,否则扣2分)。最后,把检查无误后的初稿誊写到答卷上,保持书写规范,字迹清晰。【五档范文】Attitudestowardsdirthavebeenchangingovertime.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplebelievedthatdirtontheskinhelpedprotectagainstdisease.Sincethe18thcentury,however,peoplehavedevelopedthebeliefthatcleaningawaydirtcanpreventdisease.Today,althoughattitudestodirtstilldiffersharply,moreandmorepeoplechoosetobelievethatplayinginthedirtcanhelpbuildupastrongimmunesystem.(69words)【高分揭秘】1.精确地表达了文章所有的4个要点,并且对其内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合。2.准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇,例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候,选用了三个不同的表达方法believe,developthebelief,choosetobelieve,避免了重复。3.上下文之
本文标题:高考英语新题型概要写作
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