初升高衔接----情态动词

1初升高衔接情态动词情态动词：can,could,may,might,must,oughtto,shall,will,would,need,dare表示说话人的情感和态度。不受主语人称和数的变化影响；和动词的原形一起构成谓语。情态动词的基本用法1.表能力，can/beableto代替。can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而beableto有多种时态形式。beableto也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。Marycanplaythepiano.Shehasbeenabletoplayitsinceshewas5.玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。2.表允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading—room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。3．表委婉。Could/wouldCan(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗？Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?再来杯啤酒好吗？Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?请把窗户擦一下好吗？4.表可能.MayHemaybeathome.他可能在家。=Meybeheisathome.Shemaynotknowaboutit.她可能不知道这件事。5.表意志。must和haveto“必须”must表示主观意志，而haveto表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用hadto代替。Itoldherthatshemustgiveupsmoking.我叫她必须戒烟。Wehadtogeteverythingreadythatnight.我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。--Mustwehandinourexercise—booksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗？--No,youneedn´t./No,youdon´thaveto.不必。6.表猜测。在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）。表肯定推测,按可能性由大到小依次为:mustshould/oughttomaymightcould。Itiscoldintheroom.Theymusthaveturnedofftheheating.屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。（1）.对将来的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。Shemayarrivebefore5.她可能5:00前到。（2）.对现在的推测，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。Hemustbelisteningtotheradionow.他一定正在听收音机。Hecan’tnotbeathomeatthistime.这个时候他肯定不在家。（3）对过去的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。Itmusthaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.地湿了，昨晚肯定下雨了。Thedoorwaslocked.Hecannothavebeenathome.门锁着，他肯定不在家。（4）.表推测的反意疑问句，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮。以must为例：1.Youmustbehungrynow,aren’tyou?2.HemustbewatchingTV,isn’the?3Tommusthavelivedherforalongtime,hasn’the?4.Shemusthavearrivedyesterday,didn’tshe?7.表征询，shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句。ShallIgetyousometea?我给你点茶好吗？Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚做什么？8.表意愿，will用于各种人称陈述句。Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。Ifyouwillreadthebook,I´lllendittoyou.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。9.表义务,should/oughttoshould意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。oughtto意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。Youshouldn´twasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.你是他父亲，应当管他。Yououghtn´ttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。9.表习惯：would和usedtousedto动作或状态，现在不发生或存在。而would只表过去的情况。Peopleusedtothinkthattheearthwasflat.过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人不这么认为。）Shewouldgooutforawalkinthemorningwhenshewasinthecountry.在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能仍散步）10.表责备should/oughttohave+done”表责备“本应该做某事却没做”shouldn＇t/oughtnottohave+done”表责备“本不应该做某事做了”。例如：Sheshould/oughttohaveattendedyourbirthdayparty,butshehadtolookafterhermotherinhospital.她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。（该做而没做）Tomshouldnot/oughtnottohavetoldmeyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。（不该做而做了）11.need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1）.用作情态动词--NeedIcome?--Yes,youmust.--我需要来吗？--需要。Youneedn´ttelephonehimnow.2Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.她晚上不敢一个人出去。Notoneofthemdaredmentionthis.他们谁也不敢提这件事。2）.用作实义动词Youdon´tneedtodoityourself.你不必亲自做这件事。Weneedtotellthemthenews.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。Weshoulddaretogiveourownopinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。Hedidnotdare(to)lookup.他不敢抬头看。一，单选1)Acomputer___thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2).Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto3)--Whereismyuncle,Mary?--He___inthebedroom.A.musthavebeenB.mustbeC.mayhavebeenD.shouldhavebeen4)Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will5)--Thatmustbeamistake.--No,it___amistake.A.mustnotbeB.needn’tbeC.cannotbeD.wouldnotbe6)It’snearly7o’clock.Dad___comehomesoon.A.canB.couldC.wouldD.should7)--AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?--I’mnotsure.I___gototheconcerttonight.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might8)You___returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t9)Johnny,you___playwiththeknife,you___hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t,mustD.can’t;shouldn’t10).Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen11).Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She___atthemeeting.A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespokenC.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken12).Ican’tfindMr.Smithanywhereintheofficebuilding.Where___hehavegone?A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need13.–MayIsitbesideyou,sir?---No,you______.Mygirlfriendiscomingsoon.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t14.--_____IspeaktoMary,please?--Sorry,she____cometothephonebecausesheisn’tin.A.Might;won’tB.Can’t;mustn’tC.May;can’tD.Couldn’t;shouldn’t15.---IwanttoknowifI_smokehere.---No,you____.Couldyouseethesign“NOSMOKING”there?A.can;needn’tB.must;can’tC.shall;won’tD.may;mustn’t16.Mywifeneverremembersmytelephonenumber.Shealways____lookitup.A.mustB.shouldC.wouldD.hasto17.---____youpassmetheEnglishmagazine,please?---Sure.Hereyouare.A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Might18.---MustIgotoworkwithyou?--No,you_____.Linda______gowithme.A.mustn’t;canB.can’t;hastoC.daren’t;shouldD.needn’t;may19.---__ItellMarythetestresults?---No,you____.She’salreadygotthescore.A.Will;won’tB.Shall;needn’tC.May;mustn’tD.Can;don’t20.You____becarefulwhencrossinghere.Thetrafficlightsaren’tworking.A.mightB.oughttoC.couldD.may21.---CouldIborrowyourbicycle?---Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.willB.shouldC.canD.need22.---_______Ifinishthehomeworknow,Mum?---No,