中考主谓一致

1/11中考英语语法复习------主谓一致概念︰主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。1.语法或形式一致原则遵循三个原则2.意义一致原则3.就近一致原则主谓一致是初、高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，从近年中考的试题来看，中考对于主谓一致的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择、完形填空、翻译句子、同义句转换、时态填空、单句改错、短文改错等等，尤其要注意书面表达，因为汉语中没有相应的这种谓语动词的变化，所以英语的主谓一致也是困扰广大中国学生的一大心病，很多学生在挥毫泼墨之时，此类错误比比皆是，严重影响文章的水平，考试中必将拉低得分的档次。因此，掌握好主谓一致对于提高英语水平和取得理想成绩都至关重要,找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，必须遵循三个原则，下面，我们就来看一下具体情况：1.语法或形式一致原则(1)单数名词(代词)、不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Heatallman.(be)Somebreadonthetable.(be)Theboysplayingfootball.(be)(2)当and或both...and...连接两个或三个名词(代词)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：（Both）LucyandLilygoodstudents.(be)﹡注︰在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词无冠词。如：Thesingeranddancer______talkingwithhisstudentsoverthere.(be)Thesingerandthedancer______talkinghappily.(be)﹡注︰and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，当breadandbutter(黄油抹面包),knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Fishandchips______alwayshisfavoritefood.(be)(3)单数主语后面即使带有由with,togetherwith,like,but,except,besides,aswellas等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词仍用单数。介词短语一般不作主语。如：Sheaswellastheotherstudentslearnedhowtotype.(have)MrGreenwithhischildrenwatchingTVnow.(be)EveryoneexceptLiLeiherewhenthemeetingbegan.(be)(4)不定代词each,another,theother,either,neither和由some,any,no,every＋one或thing构成复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Everythingready.(be)﹡(5)every...,every...andevery...,each...,each...andeach...,no…andno…作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2/11如：Eachboyand(each)girl______anappleintheirhands.(have)Nomanandnowoman______(like)theseshoes.(6)one,everyone,each,eachone,anyone,neither,either＋of＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：Eachofus______abike.(have)Everyoneofthestudents______listeningtotheteachercarefully.(be)注︰each作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。如︰Weeach______apenfriend.=We______apenfriendeach.(have)(7)none作主语，指人或可数的物，表示数目,谓语单数复数都可以。如果指不可数名词，表示量，谓语动词用单数。如：Noneofthemtherightsize.(be)Jimhasusedupallthemoney.Noneleft.(be)(8)只有复数形式的名词(clothes,pants,shoes,shorts,gloves,trousers,glasses,scissors)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Mytrousersnew.(be)(9)“数量词+单位词+of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”结构作主语，谓语动词与单位词一致。e.g.Thispairoftrouserstooshortforme.(be)Twocupsofteaonthetable.(be)﹡(10)morethanone+单数名词，“不止一个”，意义复数，谓语动词用单数。manya+单数名词，“许多”，意义复数，谓语动词用单数。oneandahalf＋复数可数名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.Morethanoneperson______hurtintheaccident.(be)Manyastudent______playinggamesontheplayground.(be)Oneandahalfapples______leftonthetable.(be)(11)不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.Tostudyhardourjob.(be)Swimminggoodforourhealth.(be)﹡在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。Whathesaid______true.(be)Whathisfatherlefthim______afewEnglishbooks.(be)﹡注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上的)名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。e.g.Whathesaidandwhathedidalwaysdifferentlastnight.(be)(12)alotof(lotsof,plentyof,mostof)＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。如：Thereplentyofraininthisareaeveryyear.(be)Alotofpeopleswimmingintheriveratthemoment.(be)(13)百分数(或分数)＋of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。3/11如：Over70percentoftheearthcoveredwithwater.(be)Onethirdoftheworkersinthefactorywomen.(be)注：population作为整体，谓语动词为单数；主语指“人口中的一部分”时，其谓语动词为复数。如︰ThepopulationofChina______largerthanthatofIndia.(be)80percentofthepopulationofChina______farmers.(be)⒁anumber/groupof+cn（pl）“许多…”谓语动词用复数，thenumberof+cn（pl）“…的数目”，谓语动用单数。e.g.Anumberofbooksmissingfromthelibrary.(be)Thenumberofworkersinthisfactorygrowing.(be)Look!Thereagroupofpeopleoverthere.Whatishappening?(be)⒂在定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词与先行词保持一致。oneof+n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用复数；theonly/very/rightoneof+n.(pl.)为先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。e.g.Jimisoneofthestudentswhopraised.(be)Jimistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraised.(be)﹡⒃在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。e.g.ItisMary’sbrotherwho______hurtinthecaraccidentyesterday.(be)2.意义一致原则(1)集体名词(family,group,crowd,class,team，government)作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意思来决定。如表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；如表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数。如：Ourclassverybig.(be)Ourclasstalkingaboutthefilm.(be)(2)有生命的people，police，cattle（家畜），youth等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用复数；但traffic等无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Howmanypeoplethereinyourfamily?(be)Thetrafficveryheavyinthemorning.(be)﹡注︰people当“民族”讲时，有单复数的变化，谓语动词由它的形式决定。如：TheChinesepeople______agreatpeople.(be)There______56peoplesinChina.(be)(3)表示时间、金钱、距离、度量、数学运算等的词或短语作主语，尽管是复数形式，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如：TenyearspassedsinceMrGreencametoChina.(have)Tendollarsenough.(be)Whatoneandtwo?Itthree.(be)(4)以-s结尾，而意义为单数的名词或不可数名词(如news,physics,maths，politics等),或专有名词(如theUnitedStates,theNewTimes,theUnitedNations等)作4/11主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Itexcitingnews.(be)﹡注︰表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词被看做复数，谓语也用复数形式，e.g.TheOlympicGames______heldeveryfouryears.(be)(5)Chinese,French,English,Japanese等作主语，表示语言，谓语用单数；与the连用，表示人，谓语用复数。e.g.Englishspokeninmanycountries.(be)TheChineseveryfriendly.(be)⑹“the＋形容词(或分词)”表示一类人，如：therich(富人)，theliving(活着的人)作主语时，谓语动词用复数；表示抽象事物，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Therichbetterlifethanthepoor.（have）Thenewalwaystakingtheplaceoftheold.(be)⑺the＋姓氏复数（=the＋姓＋family）表示一家人或夫妇二人，作主语，谓语动词用复数e.g.TheGreenfamily（=TheGreens）gettingreadytogoout.(be)⑻疑问词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。（以who,why,how,whether或that引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Whyshedidthisisnotknown.）e.g.Who______goingtospeakatthemeeting?(be)What______onthedesk?(be)Look!Thereareagroupofpeopleoverthere.What______happening?(be)注：由howandwhy,whenandwhere引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。HowandwhyhehadcometoPrincetonNewJerseyisastoryofstruggle,successandsadness.⑼名词性物主代词后的动词单复数，取决于它所代替的